Reconstruction of the South :: essays research papers

President Abraham Lincoln envisioned a conservative externalise for the reconstructive memory of the south. Under Lincolns plan, as soon as ten percent of the voters in a gray state whom have voted in 1860 and had taken an oath of loyalty to the United States, they could then elect constituent(a) conventions. These conventions, upon adopting new state typographys and abolishing slavery they would then be readmitted to the union. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln would win over polices towards reconstructive memory of the south. President Lincoln was succeeded by his vice president Andrew Johnson. Johnson was a southern democrat who believed in the union, however, he did non believe in menacing equality. Johnson believed that the planter class in the south had led their section of the estate to ruin. As far as blacks were concerned, they were an inferior race to be held in roughly sort of subjugation to the dominant white population of the south. His attitude ran into a head on collision with that of the radical republicans in congress led by Thaddeus Stevens.President Johnson tried to enforce Lincolns Ten per centum Plan. That as soon as ten percent of the population of any southern state took an oath of loyalty to the union and adopted a constitution that abolished slavery they would be readmitted to the union. The radical republicans in congress totally disagreed with Johnson. Many of the southern states in 1865 under presidential reconstruction adopted what was cognise as black codes. These codes restricted blacks from any participation in the rights of citizenship. Blacks were confined to an inferior position, they were not legally slaves anymore, but they had no rights of citizenship. When congress reconvened in December of 1865, they refused to put up the delegations from southern states. The radical republicans in congress designed a serious of acts known as the reconstruction acts to implement their program in the south. These acts incl uded the freedmans Bureau that helped the free slaves adjust to a free society. Also, the Civil Rights Act, which guaranteed blacks some(prenominal) the right to vote and the right to hold property. President Johnson vetoed all the reconstruction acts of congress and congress under the domination of the radical republicans overrode his vetoes. This gridlock between the presidential world-beater and congressional power set the stage for an impeachment in 1868.Presidential reconstruction under Andrew Johnson was an attempt to rob blacks of their rights that they had won during the Civil War.Reconstruction of the South essays research papers President Abraham Lincoln envisioned a conservative plan for the reconstruction of the south. Under Lincolns plan, as soon as ten percent of the voters in a southern state whom have voted in 1860 and had taken an oath of loyalty to the United States, they could then elect constitutional conventions. These conventions, upon adopting new state constitutions and abolishing slavery they would then be readmitted to the union. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln would change polices towards reconstruction of the south. President Lincoln was succeeded by his vice president Andrew Johnson. Johnson was a southern democrat who believed in the union, however, he did not believe in black equality. Johnson believed that the planter class in the south had led their section of the country to ruin. As far as blacks were concerned, they were an inferior race to be held in some sort of subjugation to the dominant white population of the south. His attitude ran into a head on collision with that of the radical republicans in congress led by Thaddeus Stevens.President Johnson tried to enforce Lincolns Ten Percent Plan. That as soon as ten percent of the population of any southern state took an oath of loyalty to the union and adopted a constitution that abolished slavery they would be readmitted to the union. The radical republicans in co ngress totally disagreed with Johnson. Many of the southern states in 1865 under presidential reconstruction adopted what was known as black codes. These codes restricted blacks from any participation in the rights of citizenship. Blacks were confined to an inferior position, they were not legally slaves anymore, but they had no rights of citizenship. When congress reconvened in December of 1865, they refused to accept the delegations from southern states. The radical republicans in congress designed a serious of acts known as the reconstruction acts to implement their program in the south. These acts included the Freedmans Bureau that helped the free slaves adjust to a free society. Also, the Civil Rights Act, which guaranteed blacks both the right to vote and the right to hold property. President Johnson vetoed all the reconstruction acts of congress and congress under the domination of the radical republicans overrode his vetoes. This gridlock between the presidential power and c ongressional power set the stage for an impeachment in 1868.Presidential reconstruction under Andrew Johnson was an attempt to rob blacks of their rights that they had won during the Civil War.

Flawless Heroes? :: essays research papers

Flawless Heroes?     It is important for youth to have heroes exactly edict cannot ignore thefacts and only report on the good side of those heroes. Everyone is human, andthey are going to make mistakes. Hopefully they learn from those mistakes, andif those mistakes are brought to light and conveyed to the puppyish peck thenthey too learn from those mistakes.     History has a duty to report on the entire story. To report anythingless would be wrong. To just simply differentiate that Columbus was a perfect man whonever did anything wrong would paint an unrealistic picture of the past. Mr.Gibbon, the author of this article seems to think that honesty is a unsound thingand should not be taught in our classrooms. Todays youth however need to beprepared for life in some way. They cannot be fed everything with a sugarcoated spoon. If they were given everything on a silver platter like that thenwhen they walked out into the real world for the first time they would not beable to adjust and become a productive part of society.     Todays young battalion are in search of heroes as Mr. Gibbon suggests, exclusivelyevery person is going to have some skeletons in their closet, hero or no hero.To ask society to ignore the facts just so young people can feel that thesepeople are perfectly squeaky clean is wrong. Society cannot lie to them. Thereis some value to teaching reality even though Mr. Gibbon doesnt seem to thinkso.     Mr. Gibbon mentions that there is some sort of "tradition of exemplarylives" in societys heroes that used to exist but no longer does. However therenever was such a tradition of wonderfully perfect people with perfect lives.Back then people ignored the facts and decided to believe that these people wereperfect when the fact was that they were not perfect, they were just human.     You cannot shield todays young people. You cant just cov er their eyesto reality. Reality moldiness be exposed and studied so they can try to understandthe world.     I agree with Gibbon that parents are the first and most importanteducators and they must try to make their lives exemplary so their children will

Significance of Dying and Death in To Build a Fire :: Build Fire Essays

  Signifi dopece of Dying and Death in To Build a Fire            The significance of the words dying and death in Jack Londons 1910 novel, To Build a Fire continuously expresses the bits dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon cut to meet the boys at camp.   London associates dying with the creations diminishing ability to stay warm in the frigid Alaskan climate. The main characters predicament slowly worsens mavin level at a time finally resulting in death. The narrator informs the reader the man lacks personal experience travelling in the Yukon terrain.  The old-timer warned the man about the harsh realities of the Klondike.  The confident main character thinks of the old-timer at Sulphur Creek as womanish.  Along the trail, the man falls into a transcendental spring and attempts to build a muster out to dry his socks and warm himself.  With his wet feet quickly growing numb, he realiz es he has only one chance to successfully build a brace or face the harsh realities of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees below freezing.  Falling snow from a tree blots out the sacking and the character realizes he had just heard his own sentence of death.  Jack London introduces death to the reader in this scene.  The man realizes a second fire must be built without fail.  The mans creative thinker begins to run wild with thoughts of insecurity and death when the second fire fails.  He recollects the story of a man who kills a steer to stay warm and envisions himself killing his dog and crawling into the carcass to warm up so he can build a fire to save himself. London writes, a certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him.   As the man slowly freezes, he realizes he is in serious trouble and can no longer make excuses for himself.  Acknowledging he would never get to the camp and would soon be stiff and dead, he tries to clear this mor bid thought from his mind by running down the trail in a last ditch effort to pump blood through his extremities. The climax of the story describes the man picturing his body completely frozen on the trail.   He falls into the snow thinking, he is bound to freeze anyway and freezing was not as bad as people thought.  There were a lot worse ways to die.  The man drowsed off into the most comfortable and

Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Essay -- Desirees Baby Kat

Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate ChopinDesirees Baby is Kate Chopins most well-known(a) short narration and most anthologized piece of work. The story takes place in southern Louisiana and her writing reflects her Creole-French descent. Chopin begins the story with a descriptive iterate, when she reached LAbri she shuddered at the set-back sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place...Big solemn oaks grew close to it and their thick leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it like a pall (185). The preceding quote gives the reader an eerie feeling and foreshadows an unpleasant ending to the story. Throughout Desirees Baby, Kate Chopin uses symbolism to convey her themes of racial prejudice, unequal gender roles, and social hierarchy in a patriarchal society. During Chopins lifetime, African Americans were considered inferior to whites and often worked as slaves for the wealthy, white families in the south. Early in the story the narrator describes the scenery of t he plantation, LAbri, and says, young Aubignys rule was a strict one, too, and under it his negroes had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old masters easy-going and indulgent lifetime (185). This shows Aubignys egotism and apathy toward his slaves. His treatment of the slaves as possessions rather than human beings reveals that Aubigny has no consideration when dealing with blacks. Chopin allows the audience to see Aubignys sudden change in character once he falls in love with Desiree as a foreshadowing mechanism. Aubignys fickleness is shown later in the story after he notices the uncanny resemblance between his child and the slave boys. Aubigny refuses to believe that he comes from African descent and instead forces ... ...eral important issues in her short story, including the nature of racism, social castes, and the fulfillment of a womans identity. Chopin portrays Desiree as a woman whose self-worth is controlled by her husband. Kate Chopin is now recognize for her initial examination of sexuality, individual freedom, and exploration of the consequences of actions. Chopin successfully shows the themes of racism, gender prejudice, and social castes by using elements such as symbolism in the short story Desirees Baby. Chopin incorporates irony into her story in order to magnify important issues such as discrimination and the rise of feminism in a patriarchal society. tend CitedChopin, Kate. Desirees Baby. Literature and the Writing Process. 7th ed. Eds. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, and Robert Funk. Upper Saddle River Prentice, 2002. 184-188.

Nick Carraways Epiphany in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essa

scratchs Epiphany in The Great GatsbyA soft breeze lifts off the expire and brushes Nick Carraways face as he emerges from the shadows into the moonlight. His eyes first gaze across the bay to the house of Tom and Daisy where Nick sees past the walls to concourse who ...smashed up things and creatures and because retreated back to their m superstary or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together... (Fitzgerald 187- 188). Nicks head then turns to his side where he views Gatsby s mansion. His heart swells for the man who was unable to let go of the past, and move toward his future. With the two houses juxtaposed in his minds eye, Nick ponders his experiences in the East, and enters the car to take him home with a new perspective on life. Nicks maturity becomes evident as his perspective of troupe becomes more realistic as a result of his observing the consequences which occur in unhealthy relationships. Nick observes many relationships during his stay in New York, and looks upon these relationships with a perceptive eye. He sees that relationships which lack mutual feelings are destined for failure. Nick watches as Tom Buchanan meets with his mistress, myrtle, and Nick notices the disparity in the respect that Tom and Myrtle have for each other. Myrtle appears to follow Tom s each and every demand, as if she were at the end of a tightly held rope, which Nick compares to the ...small big-ticket(prenominal) dog leash made of leather and braided silver (166) which was found in Myrtle s drawer at her house. Myrtle s leash, one that could be used to control and manipulate every action of a persons pet, is representative of Myrtle s willingness to subordinate her will to keep back Toms demands. Myrtle s absolute de... ...e Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York 1991. Hooper, Osman C. Fitzgeralds The Great Ga tsby, The Critical Reputation of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Article A353. Ed. Jackson Bryer. Archon Books, free state 1967. Samuels, Charles T. The Greatness of Gatsby. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970. Trask, David F. The End of the American Dream, Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970.Trilling, Lionel. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston Hall, 1984. 13-20.

Nick Carraways Epiphany in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essa

gouges Epiphany in The Great GatsbyA soft catch lifts off the Sound and brushes Nick Carraways face as he emerges from the shadows into the moonlight. His eyes first gaze across the bay to the house of Tom and Daisy where Nick sees past the walls to people who ...smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back to their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together... (Fitzgerald 187- 188). Nicks head then turns to his side where he views Gatsby s mansion. His heart swells for the man who was unable to let go of the past, and move toward his future. With the two houses juxtaposed in his assessments eye, Nick ponders his experiences in the East, and enters the car to take him home with a new perspective on life. Nicks maturity becomes evident as his perspective of society becomes more realistic as a result of his observing the consequences which occur in unhealthy relationships. Nick observes many relationships during his stay in New York, and l ooks upon these relationships with a perceptive eye. He sees that relationships which lack mutual feelings are destined for failure. Nick watches as Tom Buchanan meets with his mistress, myrtle, and Nick notices the disparity in the approve that Tom and Myrtle have for each other. Myrtle appears to follow Tom s each and every demand, as if she were at the end of a tightly held rope, which Nick compares to the ...small expensive dog leash made of leather and braided silver (166) which was found in Myrtle s drawer at her house. Myrtle s leash, one that could be used to control and manipulate every action of a persons pet, is representative of Myrtle s willingness to accessory her will to accommodate Toms demands. Myrtle s absolute de... ...e Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York 1991. Hooper, Osman C. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, The Critical Reputa tion of F. Scott Fitzgerald. clause A353. Ed. Jackson Bryer. Archon Books, Maryland 1967. Samuels, Charles T. The Greatness of Gatsby. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970. Trask, David F. The End of the American Dream, Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Novel, The Critics, The Background. Ed. Henry D. Piper. Charles Schribners Sons, New York 1970.Trilling, Lionel. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. capital of Massachusetts Hall, 1984. 13-20.

Alienation and the Search for Identity

Modernist literature reached its peak between 1900 and 1920s. Alienation was one of its characteristic themes. Described as either the separation from the self or from the world, alienation, soon, result drive an individual to look for his/her niche in this world. The concept of alienation will be examined through the literary whole kit and caboodle of Frost, Hemingway, and Hurston. Robert Frost was known for his works depicting realities of rural demeanor. This, he clearly portrayed in his poem Out, Out. The title was elicited from the contain of William Shakespeares Macbeth Out, out, brief provokedle Lifes but a walking apparition, a poor player.That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. We see here in Macbeth and in Out, Out the fragility and the seemingly insignificance of life. Life was taken and it was gone in the world. Frost used autobiography to create a clear and accusative submit of each event in Out, Out. This poem illustrates the difficulty of life in farmlands. The poem begins with the introduction of the snarling and rattling sound of the buzz motto. It implies the danger it can bring to anyone near it, most especially to the boy operating it.The scene was described as beautiful and pleasing. From the yard was the view of five mountain ranges, each one behind the other. The family and the scene seemed to be the world in which the boys life revolved around with. Nonetheless, the family was overly busy too nose drops all these. Soon, the boys babe was finished preparing supper. When she summoned everyone to eat, the boy lost attention of what he was doing and the saw accidentally cut through his hands. The boy knew too well that even though he was young, he was fulfilling an important role in the family.He foresees a grave future if loses his hand and so he tells her sister to tell the doctor not to cut his hands out. It was seen t hat the boy was more concerned with his responsibility in the family than his self. If he loses his hand, he knows that he will be of great burden to his family. He will feel alienated from the family who does hard work everyday. By the end of the poem, the boy dies after the removal of his hand and this served to be his escape from estrangement. His family, on the other hand, since they were alive, continued with their concerns.Earnest Hemingway is known for his simple and short sentences bearing complex ideas. One of his classic short stories is Hills Like White Elephant whose of import theme revolved around the conflict between the intentions of two people. The story occurred beside a train station in the Ebro River valley in Spain. Hemingway used the threesome person point of view limiting the readers to read the thoughts of the main characters. Through the exchange of words between the American and the woman named Jig, the readers will soon dupe the issue that they were disc ussing.Aside from the discussion, the use of symbolism enhanced the mood of the story and complemented the words spoken and feelings of the main characters, especially those of Jig. The story begins with the description of the scene .. there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Here, the opposing directions suggest that one is in the midst of perplexity and is needed to define before long. Following this, the two main characters were introduced. Through their dialogue, it was implied that the characters were discussing about abortion.The day grew hotter which indicated the pressure that builds within the characters. The narrator describes the observation of Jig The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the tre es. The natural imagery formed leads the readers to Jigs emotions. She sees her current state as the fertile field along the river.On the other hand, in the shadow of the clouds across the field, she sees the despondency abortion will bring to her life. The American wants Jig to pursue abortion so that he can continue with his senseless life of drinking and relentless travelling. Jig, conversely, prefers to deviate from the usual and start settling down. Jig knows what she wants but feels having no sense of self-government. It is as if the American has the last say for some(prenominal) she does to her own body. Jig may have her reasons for these. The story concludes with the couple waiting for their train turning up in five minutes.Zora Neale Hurston is a renowned anthropologist and source of African-American Literature. Her short story Sweat is about a strong woman who has endured fifteen years of hardship from his husband Syke. The story is in narrative form and the use of the t hird person point of view just like the two other literary works mentioned above, created an impartial and rich picture of the scene and the characters. The use of symbolism and allusion provided added meaning to the dialogues. Delia Jones was described as a hardworking woman who worked all week to be able to earn a little.She had been able to put up their house and provide for herself and her husband. She was the representation of goodness in the story while Syke, her husband was the image of evil. Syke was brutal to his wife he wanted Delia dead so that he could remarry. The townspeople knew what Delia was going through but they remained indifferent. Nothing could help Delia but herself. Her unyielding faith in deity had kept her moving on each day of her life. One day, Syke brought home a box containing a six-foot rattlesnake. Delia was furious. Her husband wanted to scare her to death it sprightly him when he sees her terrified.One day the identical snake will be the one to re ap the life of Syke. Syke was drunk and did not know that the snake escaped from the box. He jumped to the bed where the snake was and it all happened. The snake bit him and then he died. Those fifteen years of marriage and suffering from Syke came to an end. After years of being unaffectionate from herself and the world, she was finally free. Free from brutality and distress she was alive again. She can have what was left of herself and start a new life. Sykes death served as the ascendent to Delias seclusion from herself and the world. The death of one brought back the life of the other.In the works of Frost, Hemingway, and Hurston, the use of the narrative form and the third person point of view were discovered as to have enhanced the ideas presented. Symbolism and the use of figures of speech paired with the dialogues between characters have enabled readers to see the thoughts of the protagonists. In these three literary works, alienation brought the same feelings to the pers on affected. Fear and wretchedness were felt by the boy in Out, Out by Jig in Hills Like White Elephant and by Delia in Sweat. Their lives and decisions are influenced by the world that surrounds them.Both the boy and Delia were able to escape alienation. It was through death that they were able to avoid the feeling of nothingness. In the case of Jig, Hemingway gave the reader the luck to conclude the story. Would death be the key for this one, too? References Frost, Robert. 1916. . Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. 1927. May 31 2009. . Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. 1926. .

Transitional Leadership

Transition drawing cardship Managing modify In Your Organization in todays deregulating and increasingly competitive business environment, organisational wobble is becoming inevitable. Todays victorious organizations be experiencing alterations in the aras of engine room, puzzle out re engineering, mergers, and organizational restructuring in rear to remain competitive. However, although these areas push employees at all levels of the company, senior sleep togetherment often overlooks this fact.Therefore, it is imperative that company management understands the impact of organizational change on employees and manages these effects accordingly. By doing so, organizational leaders minimize the negative impact change has on productivity and performance. This paper will focus on the activeness of successfully leading employees through with(predicate) with(predicate) significant changes brought about by smart technologies and process changes and will focus on three areas of transition leadership. First, the discussion conveys the impact that change has on an organizations employees.Second, an overview and discussion of transition leadership and its role in managing organizational change is given. Finally, shipway to effectively manage employees through these reactions to change is presented. By understanding the elements of organizational change and its impact on employees as well as the appropriate ways of managing people through these revolutions, organizational leaders will be better prepared to address the challenges that are inherent in major business transitions. The Impact of Change on good deal Frequently, information technology professionals overlook the impacts of technology changes on people.Almost any change to technology will stupefy an impact on business processes, which will flat impact the day-to-day chores of individual employees. As a result, changes to technology require attention to the impacts that they have on both proces s and people. The practice of Organizational Change Management (OCM) focuses on ensuring that the people side of change is addressed appropriately. OCM is the process of aligning the organizations people and culture with changes in business strategy, organizational structure, technology, and business processes.OCM is important because, at the most rudimentary level, all change involves some degree of passing whether it is loss of stability, loss of expertise, loss of relationships, or loss of understanding. People often try to avoid the experience of loss by resisting change. Resistance can come in contrary forms and be expressed with different emotions such as anger, frustration, fear, etc. Due to the tendency for change to elicit an emotional response, any large-scale change initiative will likely pull the employees focus from the business to transition-related issues.This shift in focus will likely disrupt the productivity of the business. Many technology implementation/busines s process redesign efforts fail because they overlook the impacts that change will have on the people in the organization. An organization that ignores the importance of OCM could experience the obeying risks addd resistance to modern technology, decreased quality and customer service, high turnover and absenteeism, difficulty recruiting and retaining high performers, and damaged internal and external brand equity.On the other(a) hand, an organization that implements a technology/business process transformation with integrated OCM will experience the following benefits realization of the business transformation objectives, higher return on technology investments, computer storage of high performers, maintained and improved productivity, improved employee satisfaction and morale, and increased discretionary effort. Transition Leadership Given the impact that change has on employees, it is create that managers mustiness learn to proactively manage employees through the many cha nges that are inherent in most organizations.In geospatial environments, managers and other see s take holdholders often focus on technological and process changes that will make their businesses competitive in the 21st century. These issues are important, but the changes ultimately will not be implemented successfully without the cooperation of employees. Only through effective transition leadership are employees able to effectively cope with and accept the changes they are presented with. Ten Characteristics of Effective Transition Leaders The role of transition leader is an often overlooked but important aspect of management.There are several characteristics that make up a good transition leader. Here we diagnose the main characteristics that are needed in a successful transition leader. In general, there are 10 characteristics of effective transition leaders Gains keep up from and confidence of others. Change is not accepted and work cannot be done without the buy-in of key stakeholders. For this reason, it is imperative that transition leaders gain the pay and confidence of other key employees in the organization. Listens and collaborates effectively.No matter how good a manager is, people will not follow without a sense of ownership in the organization. integrity of the key ways to secure this ownership and trust in employees is through listening and collaboration. Takes accountability. As with any effective manager, successful transition leaders take accountability for their own work as well as that of the entire organization that he or she manages. Provides constructive feedback to others. Transition leaders also win constructive feedback to employees and colleagues. This type of feedback enables employees to be much effective in adapting to and accepting change. Builds relationships with customers, peers, and project team members. Effective transition leaders are also successful in shiting relationships with customers, peers, and project m embers. This alliance building enables leaders to effectively delegate and gain the buy-in from key resources, which further enables change within the organization. Inspires and motivates. In order to manage change effectively in the organization, transition leaders need to have inspired employees and stakeholders. Communicates openly, early, and often.Since change is such a labyrinthine and fearsome conception for most people, it is important for transition leaders to open the flow of communication. This holds true on a day-to-day basis as well (and especially) during times of change. Provides clear direction. In order for the organization to get to where it needs to be, employees and stakeholders have to understand where they are and where the organization is going. With this in mind, transition leaders need to clearly send the organizations vision and goals to stakeholders and clarify individual roles and responsibilities within that context. Models the way for the team.Su ccessful transition leaders do more than just delegate work and build relationships. They also lead by example in order to build credibility and trust. Creates opportunities for small wins. The change involved in large scale and complex IT implementations often appears insurmountable to employees. Therefore, it is important to frequently reward and recognize team members to armed service boost morale and to keep change initiatives from failing due to a burned-out staff. These 10 characteristics of a good transition leader verify that change is implemented successfully and that major obstacles and resistances to change are minimized.The Roles of Transition Leaders In addition to these characteristics, transition leaders must play a number of roles in order for organizational changes to be successful. Since transition leaders are responsible for directly influencing the outcome of IT and process change implementations, successful change requires that transition leaders assume diffe rent roles. In general, transition leaders have four primary roles catalyst, system and process helper, solution giver/gatherer, and resource linker. The first and arguably the most difficult role that a transition leader faces is that of Catalyst.While many organizations are content with the status quo, it is the transition leaders responsibility to create and communicate the need for change within the business. This involves instilling a sense of urgency and purpose for the change and overcoming organizational inertia. In addition, this role entails acknowledging areas of resistance and addressing them appropriately. Change will not happen successfully if key stakeholders do not realize and understand the need for change, and it is the responsibility of transition leaders to make this need evident.The second role of a transition leader is that of a System and Process Helper. Once the need for change has been recognized by the organization and change initiatives are created, it is the transition leaders responsibility to ensure that the organization is assimilated into the process and IT changes that ensue. This involves understanding the process and IT changes, the impact these changes have on jobs and policies, and effectively communicating these changes to the individuals impacted. The tasks performed by the System and Process Helper helps permeate the demand change throughout the organization.The third role that a transition leader plays is that of Solution Giver and Gatherer. This role is needed to range and resolve issues that may block the success of the implemented change. In particular, the Solution Giver and Gatherer will promote the use of an issues resolution mechanism, provide solutions that benefit the entire organization, and assist in the development and implementation of solutions. In addition, an important element is the need for leaders to listen to suggestions and provide feedback and recognition when appropriate.As discussed above, eff ective transition leaders communicate, provide feedback, and watch small wins, which is important to inspiring and motivating project teams. The final role of a successful transition leader is that of Resource Linker. This role involves the more traditional management like delegating tasks, and most experienced managers are capable in this arena. In short, the Resource Linker brings people and resources together, recognizes resource constraints, leverages skills and resources across site locations, and acts as a communications link between resources.This role is important, but it is the three roles described above that most managers overlook when implementing change initiatives. How To Manage People done Change When incorporating change in an organization, it is useful for transition leaders to understand how change impacts people and how to minimize the negative reactions to change. All successful change initiatives follow a similar pattern or sequence. The first step exists of unfreezing the current way of doing things. This is the degree in the project where the burning platform for change is realised and the vision for a new way of operating is created.The second phase of change begins when it is time to begin energizing the workforce by involving more and more people in the change process so as to begin building ownership over the final outcome. This is also the point where it is critical to identify and secure early project wins. Ensuring that the right resources are provided for achieving early milestones will ensure that the project is perceived as a success. The third phase of the change process consists of building the infrastructure (i. e. , job and organization designs) required to make the change successful.For example, if the technology changes are intended to automate processes that were previously done manually, changes to job designs will be required. The final phase consists of a series of activities aimed at measuring results and identi fying lingering gaps and issues that need to be addressed in order to deliver the goods the projects intended benefits. While the above phases outline the sequence that change initiatives normally follow, there are three corresponding phases that describe the psychological experiences that people have when affected by change. These come from William Bridges book Managing Transitions (1991).The first phase is called Letting Go. This is the time when employees will begin to understand that things are changing, and that in the near future they will be challenged with letting go of the old way of doing things. This may include letting go of old ways of working, relationships, feelings of competence, etc. The second psychological phase, the Neutral Zone is the difficult period when the work is done to implement change and the transition from the old way to the new way begins. Trying to handle implementation and balance the transitions may make this period the most difficult period of c hange to manage.The last psychological phase is what Bridges refers to as the New Beginning. This occurs when changes have been fully implemented and expectations for people to change the way they work are realized. Each of the phases described above consist of many people-related challenges, and there are many specific strategies for helping to manage people through these phases. Some of the important critical success factors for managing change are the following Identify potential barriers or risk factors that will inhibit success, and create action plans to address them appropriately. Use written and face-to-face communication to help people understand the what, why, and how of change. Identify opportunities to involve large numbers of employees in the change process research shows that there is a correlation between pursuit and commitment. Seek to understand and manage individual and team level resistance. Listen to your employees, acknowledge their losses, show empathy, st rive to reduce their stress levels. Recognize and reward behaviors that support achievement of intended goals. Systematically analyze the impacts change will have on corporate policies, individual jobs, and organizational structure. Ensure that employees receive sufficient learning and the other on-the-job resources necessary to raise peoples level of confidence. By addressing and incorporating these success factors into their management toolkits, effective transition leaders greatly increase the likelihood that their change initiatives will be successful. Conclusion Transition leadership, while often viewed as a soft or touchy feely issue not appropriate to geospatial managers, is clearly a relevant and critical issue to managing the changes that are inherent in organizations today.Even the most robust GIS package with the highest benefits potential is meaningless if employees and key stakeholders do not effectively accept and adapt the changes to their everyday lives. By embrac ing the understanding of the impact that change has on employees, the role of transition leaders, and how to manage employees through change, managers will ensure that the changes stick and the anticipated benefits are realized.

Michelangelo’s Sculpture “David” Essay

David Analysis and Structure It is obvious that Michelangelo was meticulous when creating this sculpture. His sculpture, David, must have been done later studying the human form a great deal. The lines he has used are very natural, and though his figure is rather chiseled, the lines seem very gentle. Michelangelo has give special attention to shape. Every ligament, muscle and bone seems as though it is alive. I especially noticed the shape of the legs, the back of the knees p maneuvericularly. The muscle in the set leg (looking from the rear) is stuck out, almost as if David is about to walk. The direction seems very human and natural as sound, all except for Davids hand. It seems to be cocked in a very unnatural position. The fingers on the left hand (looking from the front) are also in an odd position. The sculpture stands more than 14 feet tall and Michelangelo has done a great job keeping all extremities and the head and body in proportion to one another.The texture that Mic helangelo was able to achieve is amazing. I know from own(prenominal) experience that it is often very difficult to achieve the proper texture for hair, teeth, etc. but he seems to make it look effortless as well as flawless. The hair looks very natural, but the skin is even more interesting. He has achieved an even texture, without making the skin look fake. The color of the sculpture is gray. I believe that the value throughout the sculpture is the same, although with the use of lights, this can be changed, giving the sculpture different values due to shadows. There is repetition with pas seul throughout the sculpture. This makes sense since most everyone has two of each limb, and many muscles.The head seems to be the dominant point of interest for me. It fascinates me that Michelangelo could create such a real body, but the head requires extra care. Michelangelo paid close attention to unity. Everything seems linked. There is uniform shape to the body. The body seems as though it all joins together and the merge link is the torso. The sculpture is made from marble, and has subtle veins of color.David History In 1501, the city of Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt a statue of David. They had adopted the Biblical figure as their citys symbol to tell the world, and their neighbors who were constantly fighting with them, that though Florence was a small city, it was fierce and would take on any giant of an enemy who dared to challenge them.They presented the artist with a banged up, 18 foot block of marble that had laid abandoned in a church work yard for 35 years. Undiscouraged, Michelangelo took on the project. For three years, he etched the marble, bringing forward his own unique vision of the Biblical hero, and creating the epitome of the Renaissance ideal of man in the process.With only the strengths of his body and his beliefs, David awaits the appearance of his challenger. Davids right hand is disproportionately large to symbolize his cou rage and physical power. The sculpture is a tense psychological portrait of David before he kills Goliath.The characteristics that David relies on are completely manifested in him, and in the foundation of Renaissance art and philosophy. Michelangelo has been called the father of the Renaissance because all of his art pays homage to the physical, emotional, and spiritual strengths that each human being possesses.Michelangelos statue of David is now permanently installed at the Galleria Dell Accademia in Florence.

Organizational Psychology Paper Psy 428

organisational psychological science Paper Shanna Brookins PSY/428 12/12/2011 Organizational Psychology Paper Introduction Organizational psychology is the aim of a formal organization and how individuals and groups act within that organization in other words, the scientific study of the take a leakplace. The goal of organisational psychology is to help organizations design the best authority possible. This is achieved by helping people understand their interactions with each other and create an environment where everyone can work together to accomplish heavy goals.When an organization is successful, the employees have better job satisfaction. In turn, this creates better productivity which allows products and services to be produced at a lower price. This savings can be passed along to the customers therefore having a positive effect on everyone. (Jex, 2008). An industrial-organizational psychologist studies different aspects of the work environment, such as leadership, job sa tisfaction, on the job stress, and communication among employees. An industrial-organizational psychologist is brought in by organizations as consultants to solve particular problems.They apply research methods and psychological principles to improve productivity, management and marketing problems, as well as facilitate organizational development and change, and identify training and development contends. I/O psychologists often work for more than one organizational setting they may also choose to teach in universities and colleges (Jex, 2008). Two Sides of I/O Psychology The industrial side of I/O psychology concentrates on organizational policies and processes that meet the employees on a personal level, it is sometimes called the personnel psychology (McCarthy, 1999).Industrial psychology utilises statistics, psychometrics, as well as quantitative tools to develop rating scales, interview techniques, and psychological test. These tests are employ to measure skills for the pu rpose of hiring, placement, and promotion within an organization. In addition, the industrial side handles performance appraisals and feedback, as well as training and development (Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2008). The organizational side of I/O psychology focuses on making the most of organizational performance.This focuses on interpersonal relationships at work, how individual differences affect an organization, leadership, motivation, team and group dynamics, and organizational change and development. In addition, the organization side concentrates on job satisfaction, attitudes, and dealing with job stress such as reconciliation work and family (McCarthy, 1999). The Use of Research Research methods are used in I/O psychology to answer question about why employees endure the way they do. Analyses of behavior in qualitative studies involve discussions of how people experience and feel events in their lives and can be a good means of generating hypotheses and theo ries of what happens in organizational settings (Ehigie, 2005, p. 621). soft methods of research are used by I/O psychologist in organizational studies. I/O psychological may use methods such as test, questionnaires, rating scales, observation, ethnography and physiological measures to answer questions about behavior (Ehigie, 2005) Observation is a research method used in I/O psychology to understand employees culture and behavior.There are three experimental methods that may be used, simple observation, participant observation, and archival entropy sources . The observational technique is best used when observing routine jobs that require apparent behaviors, for example waiting tables. This method cannot be used for jobs which require intellectual or cognitive processing for example making decisions or planning. In participant observation the observer may be a part of the event being studied. The researcher must be able to ethically preform the job this method is used for job a nalysis.Archival data sources uses records or any form of data that exist, it is an important supplement to more conventional data collection methods. This method allows researcher to study issues that could not be studies in any other way (Ehigie, 2005). The Use of Statistics When data is collected by organizational researchers the data must be analyzed. The statistics, mean median, and mode are known to be the most harsh measures of central tendency. An average value of the item in the serial or some characteristic of members in a group is a measure of central tendency.Mean represents the average for an ungrouped data . The sum of the scores divide by the total number of the scores gives the value of the mean. Median is the score or value of that central item which divides the series in exactly two equal halves. Mode is defined as the size of the variable that occurs most frequently in the series (Jex, 2008). Conclusion Organizational psychology can be used in organizations to assess job performance, training, and making hiring decisions. In addition, it can help employees develop the capabilities they need in an organization for promotions.Organizational psychology can also be used in an organization to explore why certain employees may not work well together, why some are not preforming well, as well as job satisfaction. Organizational psychology also may study why dissatisfaction is among certain employees and how it contributes to negative outcomes, such as turnover and absenteeism. Organizational psychology is applied through the human resources department or consultants. It can be used to assess any problem or issue that is related to work or careers (Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2008) ReferencesIndustrial and Organizational Psychology . (2008). Retrieved December 11, 2011, from AllPsychlogyCareers. com http//www. allpsychologycareers. com/topics/industrial-organizational-psychology. html Ehigie, B. &. (2005). Applying Qualitative Met hods in Organizations A Note for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists. The Qualitative Report Volume 10 Number 3, 621-638. Jex, S. &. (2008). Organized Psychology. Hoboken,NJ Wiley. McCarthy, D. (1999, December 8). I/O Psychology Overview notes. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from MTSU http//frank. mtsu. edu/pmccarth/io_ovrvw. htm

A Women Of No Importance Essay

Explore the ways Wilde presents late 19th century women. What he is saying about the fashionable women of the time, their interests, ideas, attitudes and treatment in A Women f No Importance?A woman of no vastness is a play about the upper and middle class. Wilde uses the women to portray is attitudes and views on the society of the nineteenth century. He portrays women in a way women would not get down behaved at that time this gives a comical atmosphere to the audience. In 1893 A women of no brilliance would have been very entertaining to watch, the audience would have found the play amusing however they would have been laughing at themselves as Wilde wrote the play to tap the society.The plays first setting is a female home with conversation between women Wilde may have d one this to show the importance of women. dame Caroline is the first geek the audience meet Wilde may have also done this for a purpose.From the title bird we know madam Caroline is a wealthy and high up in the aristocracy in England. She is a typical member of the high society she has a very authoritarian overbearing personality and shows pride in her position. The Audience would have immediately recognised this from peeress Carolines conversation with Hester. She speaks down to her American guest, Hester who is travailing alone, you have no country houses, I am told, in America?Another theme that Wilde conveys through women is the theme Hypocrisy and double standards. This is again shown through Lady Caroline and her attitudes towards the puritan Hester. Lady Caroline criticises lady Hunstaton choice of guests But Mrs Allonby is hardly a very suitable person but then praises Lady Hunstaton for inviting her to a pleasant party, Wilde is effectively satirising members of high society. Hester vocalises her opinion that she dislikes Mrs Allonby but Lady Caroline patronises Hester I am not sure, that foreigners like yourself should cultivate like or dislikes. suggesting that Hester is not a valued member of society. Wilde mocks the attitude of the high society through the ignorant women.Lady Caroline is not as knowledgeable as she likes to make out, she continually keeps getting the name of the politician wrong, mistaking him for Me kettle Kevil, my love kevil. The audience would mock Lady Caroline for this foolish mistake she keeps making.Hester Worsleys title is changed as the play progresses. Hester is first referred to as Miss Worsley then she becomes known as the American and finally A puritan. Hester is a furrow to all the other women in A women of no importance and all the women take a dislike to her she told me yesterday, and in quite a loud voice, that she was only when eighteen. It was most annoying. She has strong morals, values and opinions which she is not afraid to express I dislike London Dinner Parties. Wilde may have used Hesters reference point to present his on views on the English aristocratic society.Members of the high society frown up on those who are unmarried I dont think that England should be represented abroad by unmarried man being married is more societally accepted. This gives the audience an impression of how shallow the society was and how status and social position dictate how people lived their lives.Lady Carolines and Sir Johns is very different to a traditional Victorian marriage. Usually the man is the dominant one and women were known as mens property. However Wilde contrasts this view, by Lady Caroline having control over her husband, being the dominant one in the alliance John you should have your muffler. What is the use of my always knitting mufflers for you if you dont wear them? Their relationship is clearly showing a lack of love and affection. Their relationship is more like a child and parent relationship because of the idea of Lady Caroline spoiling Sir John. Wilde is suggesting that they are together out of convenience and presentation. Lady Caroline gives her husband orders in the sa me way lady Hunstaton orders her servants you had better go and put your overshoes at once.During the Victorian times when A women of no importance was written, women rights were begging to increase. In 1857 the matrimonial causes Act was established, in 1882 married womens property act was confirmed, which gave women more rights and power over themselves, property and their children. These factors contributed to the way Wilde presented reliable women especially Lady Caroline and Mrs Allonby.Mrs Allonby is very similar to lord Illingworth they are both described as dandies they use language which is intended to shock the audience. At the end of act one is it clear that Mrs Allonby is flirting with Lord Illingworth What a thoroughly bad man you must be Wilde creates Mrs Allonby as a character who considers being a person who restricts the morals and norms of the society, in Victorian times there would have been very strict morals and social codes. Women adore failures, they scat on us Mrs Allonby is going against the stereotype, the man having control within Victorian marriages.At the end of Act one Lord Illingworth reads Mrs Arbuthnots letter, he says no one in particular A Woman of no importance, the title of the play, which demonstrates Wildes views on the treatment of women in society.Act 1 ends handsome the audience an impression of a self-concerned, hypocritical society. Wilde presents these ideas through the use of comedy which give a strong message to the audience.

Kite Runner Racism

Racism plays important roles in Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner. The precedent uses racism to describe the characters and the culture represented in the stories. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses prejudice as a tool to tell this story of betrayal and redemption. He pursues his story with prejudice and racism in Afghanistan as well as in the United States. While the author uses individual characters to tell the story, he portrays the worldwide attitudes and history associated with the characters Hazara and Pashtun ethnic origins and the conflicts that arise in Afghanistan.Throughout history and even while the story was taking place in the 70s the US of A was going by their tough times with racism and prejudice thoughts and acts towards other ethnical groups such as the blacks, Asians and Latinos. Although during this present era these racist acts and thoughts apply been cut down and have been limited to just some states in the south as where in Afghanistan these prejudice acts still exist. Ali and Hassan represent the marginalized group in this story. They are considered by the view class to be of lesser value due to their ethnic origin, religious beliefs, appearance and social standing.The author gives us a glance of this when emir reads active the harassment of, and attempted uprising of the Hazara, and how Amirs people, the Pashtuns had quelled them with unspeakable violence. The disregard that people have for the Hazara is reinforced when Amir asks his teacher approximately what he has read and he responds by saying, Thats one thing Shia people do well, passing themselves as martyrs. Assef shows how internalized this hostility is when he says to Amir and Hassan, Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here.

Eight Step to Integrity

3/26/2013 cardinal Steps toward Integrity The octonary move toward virtue be very important when working in a personal credit line in this stake they can be used very wisely. The eight steps be doing what we say we will do It includes keeping promises and impact deadlines. Doing the right affair With the aw atomic number 18ness of whats right comes the obligation of right action. Taking responsibility bring intercourse our complete, sole responsibility for every angiotensin-converting enzyme of our actions. Supporting our own weight This means functioning as a whole, being able to keep up all the elements of our own lives.Defining the rules and values Explicit agreement roughly these basics enables groups of passel, from couples to art organizations to nations, to benefit from the truth of members. Checking the mirror Is when we erras we will, again and againthe better(p) response is to pause for reflection blur the big picture. Respecting differents Invoke integr ity in other people by treating them with respecteven when they do not live up to our expectations. Holistic calculateing Since integrity is a quality of one, an appreciation of wholeness in the world supports its practice.Delman and the location managers have many of the eight steps that apply to them in this situation Frist, Doing what they say they will do. Delman and the Manages urgency to be true to their word. If they atomic number 18 going to tell the government inspector that they provide the food for his department holiday party that just what they hold to do. There is no need for the team to go back on their word. Second, doing the right social function if the law tells the team that things in the occupation need to be changed because of the new local health codes that argon what Delman and the mangers should do.Doing the right thing is not strenuous to do it is a person just having the willing tenderness and mind to do so thats all it takes. Third, Taking Reason ability that what Delman need to do he has to shed light on he has to excite the changes in the business and he as the final say so that necessarily to be done. Delman needs to know that other people and bulgeside events are not the cause of problems. When we come upon something in the world that we dont like, we recognize our own(prenominal) responsibility. Knowing your responsibility in liveness is good but we still need to know how to respect other and their ideas.Make positive(predicate) we are doing thing the right way. Delman has to make sure he gets the best from others in an atmosphere that supports doing right. Fifth, Defining the rules and values what are the thing to be done take note them. Delman and the managers have to follow rules to get the government to do what they have to do Delman need to make sure they hold up the end of the stick. Because it is said absent consensus, personal integrity can lead dissent individuals to subvert the group.Delman needs peop le sharing the same intentions, by contrast, disagreements can help to refine and remedy ideas for the benefit of all. I have chosen five away of the eight steps that I sense of smell that Delman and the Sale Managers need to follow in this situation. Delman and Lei are running a great business some of the things need to be changed just to improve it and make thing correct according to the reasoned health codes. I feel if they follow the step I have recommended will help them out a lot and make things go smoother and I can say I think well.Eight Step to Integrity3/26/2013 Eight Steps toward Integrity The eight steps toward integrity are very important when working in a business in this situation they can be used very wisely. The eight steps are doing what we say we will do It includes keeping promises and meeting deadlines. Doing the right thing With the awareness of whats right comes the obligation of right action. Taking responsibility Acknowledge our complete, sole responsibi lity for every one of our actions. Supporting our own weight This means functioning as a whole, being able to support all the elements of our own lives.Defining the rules and values Explicit agreement about these basics enables groups of people, from couples to business organizations to nations, to benefit from the integrity of members. Checking the mirror Is when we erras we will, again and againthe best response is to pause for reflection obscure the big picture. Respecting others Invoke integrity in other people by treating them with respecteven when they do not live up to our expectations. Holistic thinking Since integrity is a quality of wholeness, an appreciation of wholeness in the world supports its practice.Delman and the location managers have many of the eight steps that apply to them in this situation Frist, Doing what they say they will do. Delman and the Manages need to be true to their word. If they are going to tell the government inspector that they provide the food for his department holiday party that exactly what they need to do. There is no need for the team to go back on their word. Second, doing the right thing if the law tells the team that things in the business need to be changed because of the new local health codes that are what Delman and the mangers should do.Doing the right thing is not hard to do it is a person just having the willing heart and mind to do so thats all it takes. Third, Taking Reasonability that what Delman need to do he has to realize he has to make the changes in the business and he as the final say so that needs to be done. Delman needs to know that other people and outside events are not the cause of problems. When we see something in the world that we dont like, we recognize our personal responsibility. Knowing your responsibility in life is good but we still need to know how to respect other and their ideas.Make sure we are doing thing the right way. Delman has to make sure he gets the best from others in an atmosphere that supports doing right. Fifth, Defining the rules and values what are the thing to be done follow them. Delman and the managers have to follow rules to get the government to do what they have to do Delman need to make sure they hold up the end of the stick. Because it is said absent consensus, personal integrity can lead dissenting individuals to subvert the group.Delman needs people sharing the same intentions, by contrast, disagreements can help to refine and improve ideas for the benefit of all. I have chosen five out of the eight steps that I feel that Delman and the Sale Managers need to follow in this situation. Delman and Lei are running a great business some of the things need to be changed just to improve it and make thing correct according to the legal health codes. I feel if they follow the step I have recommended will help them out a lot and make things go smoother and I can say I think well.

Emphasise the tragedy in Death of a Salesman Essay

A type is defined as an object or action that represents an idea, function or process, essentially anything which stands for something else. When viewed in resemblance to the Aristotelian model of tragedy in Poetics, moth millers rich mathematical function of tokenism in Death of a Salesman contradicts a key premise inside Aristotles tragedian theory, labelling the tragical heros hamartia as the cause for their downfall. moth miller uses symbols to explore the motifs of success, granting immunity and failure, as well as to supporter shape our view of his constitutions.Throughout the dissipation Miller emphasises the strength of these symbols through the mien they affect the Loman family and in particular Willy, whose obsession with the American Dream and all that it encompasses brings him to his tragic end. We whitethorn consider Willy to posses the tragic blot of hubris, which will only assist the interplay of the clobber and figurative symbols Miller creates to entr ap Willy within his beliefs, leaving him inefficient to escape. Inherent throughout the play is Millers heavy use of symbols to convey meanings such as hope, struggle and self-worth.Significantly, symbolism assists the tragic imagery as a crucial element of Millers representcraft. Miller elaborately constructs the perfect conditions for Willys downfall in s invariablyal key ways including his use of music, the motif of dreams and symbolic props. His first method is the recurring element of music applied through his stage directions. The melancholy melody heard, played upon the flute starting from Act 1 resonates with the atmosphere and is Millers structuralism technique of oscillating to and from Willys springion of the past.The natural element of this symbol alludes to his fathers influence as a flute- give wayr, and its use during Willys introspection could suggest an alternate, more successful breeding pursuing in craftsmanship instead of being a salesman under the impressi on of becoming well-liked. It acts as the transition between imagination and reality, setting the scene as we witness the bold symbol of Willys unfortunate circumstance.Furthermore, the flute symbolises Willys faint connection with the natural world, clearly illustrated by the stage directions as he enters Scene 1 The flute plays on. He hears but is non aware of it By non being aware, one may consider this melody to be a calling which Willy attempts to psychicly suppress. Additionally, Miller introduces his tragic hero with an afflicted perception the moment he is presented to the audience. Structurally, Miller develops this further as Willy gives us an account of his journey home, stating I almost forgot I was driving. This disregard for his surroundings and safety illustrates just how advantageously his physical and mental stability can be compromised. Alternatively, one may associate Willys fascination by the thick trees and warm sun with the almost hallucinogenic connotatio ns of nature, or what he may be describing as such strange thoughts, with the road possibly symbolise Willys suspension between responsibilities and his scent out of nirvana, a road he confronts every week of my life. The use of nature is significant to the settings created by Miller. As the curtain rises and reveals the Loman house, he ensures that We are aware of towering, angular shapes behind it, surrounding it on all sides. The way they enclose the setting directs our attention to the fragile-seeming house and emphasises Willy as the Low-man intended by his name. One may visualise this as a pathetic fallacy, alluding to their sense of isolation and vulnerability, the former of which being a traditional singularity of the tragic hero.However, the way Miller isolates the entire Loman family reflects the way the American dream was an influence to many sights lives and is not merely a unique flaw in Willy. The setting created by Miller corresponds with Aristotles unity of plac e, stating that a play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography. This appropriately fits within the Aristotelian model as it focuses less on the antecedent of external conflicts, but rather the intrinsic and non-progressive world view Willy is unable to escape from.This peripheral is shrewdly contrasted by Millers references to the jungle through Ben, who despite being dead before the play begins, trunk a big influence to Willy and his search for capitalism. The jungles symbolic connotations of wild freedom and liberty epitomises all that opposes the American dream. One could also argue that they represent the opportunities Willy rejected due to his hubris, his hardline faith in the American dream.Rollyson explores this idea and states Willy is only as solid as the society in which he tries to sell himself, and everything from his view of America as the greatest country in the world to his idolisation of David Singleman suggests that th e American dream is something he is deeply sold into. Through Millers use of a non-linear narrative, the audience gains a greater understanding of the way symbols are established and the development of the setting in which they manifest.Willys recollection of the past makes us aware that the apartment buildings replaced their natural surroundings, most notably the 2 beautiful elm trees, the presences of which echo through the repeated appearance of leaves around their home. The construction of the apartment buildings has rendered their neighbourhood lifeless, and Willys statement The grass dont grow any more may reflect on the state of poverty throughout the United States, induced by the Wall Street crash.He adds that they massacred the neighbourhood, with the lexical choice massacred highlighting the ruthlessness of the industrialisation which compromised their way of life. The ambiguity of they may echo Willys lack of perception over who is truly responsible for the desolate stat e of their economy, represented by some(prenominal) Willys failure as a salesman and their home environment, isolated, unable to flourish. At this point, the audience should understand the function of these symbols, which are shown to have direct influence over Willys life by compromising his mental stability.Willys two large sample cases symbolise his wasted enterprises attempting to fulfil the role of a successful provider. Their physical weight acts as a pathetic fallacy to represent Willys emotional heft and an appeal to the audiences sympathy. Lindas first words express her anxiety of him potentially smashing the car, symbolising mobility. The irony is that no matter how far he drives to work, he doesnt seem to get to anywhere or achieve anything beyond his mundane routine.Miller immediately contrasts this real symbol in their present timeframe with a mentally-constructed symbol from Willys past, exposed to us through Willys inner thoughts That shadowed? I coulda sworn I was driving that Chevvy today. This juxtaposition of past and present tenses helps create the olfactory property of disorientation which we would expect Willy to experience. The Chevrolet symbolises status and success, even described by Willy as the greatest car ever built only for him to later contradict himself by asserting that they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car We may identify Willys tragic flaw as his willingness to base his very existence on material goods. Millers extensive use of such symbols reflects the obsessive nature of Willy and this mental pictureive literary technique acts as a vehicle to draw our attention to the flawed society of 20th-century America, totally preoccupied with the unappeasable pursuit of the tragic American dream. It is at the end of Act 2 when we discover that the car, a symbol of progression and modernity, becomes no more than an instrument for Willys suicidal downfall.Throughout Willys internal conflict, Linda remains a symbo l of emotional security, whose unconditional love sees past his lack of success. Her pivotal speech Willy Loman never made a lot of money So attention must be paid mirrors the chorus of Greek tragedy, acting as an interlude during which the audience reflects on the progression of the play. Linguistically, her repetitive use of negatives not and never emphasise his lack of achievement and simplicity as a character.She is heavily conscious of the tragic fate Willy is heading toward, and her devotion to him is shown as she mends her stockings. Structurally, this is placed immediately after Willys scene with The Women whom is toughened with new stockings. Miller juxtaposes Willys infidelity with the shame he feels being unable to provide successfully shown as he acts angrily at the sight of them. The motifs of hope and dreams symbolise the search for the unobtainable, a underlying flaw in Willys characterisation.With the working title The Inside of His Head, Miller originally inten ded to make the setting itself a physics manifestation of Willys internal mental state, with the stage layout resembling the shape of a head. One could argue that Millers use of imaginary walls-lines which characters walk through instead of the doors as to indicate a recollection of Willys past would show a comprised mental structure within Willys psyche.Although these externalities largely influence Willys behaviour, we must also consider him as symbolic, as he represents the struggling everyman whose belief in the flawed American dream is slowly killing him. Millers use of symbols within Death of a Salesman allows us to witness exactly how Willy, a tragic character bounded by his temper, massive dreams and little cruelties, becomes progressively more influenced by both his thoughts and surrounding environment.By stimulating our senses and heightening dramatic tension, it is a quintessential device used to enhance the audiences understanding and sense of sympathy toward this trag ic character so mentally distorted by this ideal, without which there would be no tragedy to interpret. As a play famously described as a time bomb expertly placed under the edifice of Americanism, Miller makes a great effort to illustrate his beliefs of the American Dream as a corrupt ethos by showing its tragic effect on the common American man.

Ill-Fated Love at Centrex Electronics Essay

Case Study Review Ill-Fated Love at Centrex Electronics1.In the case it is give tongue to the policy of CEC is Employees performing jobs where they have access to sensitive or confidential information which could benefit competitors ar prohibited from being married to or from having a romantic relationship with individuals employed by competing organizations objet dart the chief operating officer stated CEC employees are responsible for their own off-the-job behavior. We are concerned with an employees off-the-job conduct wholly when it reduces the employees ability to perform normal job assignments.These two statements contradict each other with the CEOs acting as an implied policy. The attorney could have used the implied contract exception to the employment-at-will policy.2.The policy CEC had in place is understandable in highly competitive industries, but in this case the execution of the policy was not handled correct which lead to the wrongful termination suite. It seems t hat if CEC had given Miller-Canton a time table to fill her decision or be terminated it would have given enough conversion regardless of the results for a correct decision to me made. If Miller-Canton had decided to end the relationship with Mike she would have continued working, if she decided on the relationship she could have resigned, and if she couldnt make a decision it would have been clear why she was terminated.3.There is no single definition to romantic relationship and depending on one experiences it could equate to dating. Likewise, there is no univocal definition of dating that would be equally be shared by everyone.

Calvin Clain IMC Plan Essay

Executive SummaryCalvin Klein Inc. formed in 1968 is normally associated with spunky fibre app argonl and interior wear at a tribute expense, boasting strong dishonor rectitude and an big and spheric loyal consumer base. In 2003, CK was procured by Philliphs-Van Heusen Corp (PVH), which now controls its operations. Calvin Klein has over time alter into diverse calling avenues, exploring the fragrances and sunglasses trades, which own att send away toed in generating business attainability, and elevation give away aw areness and exposure. However, through with(predicate) sally analysis exploratory research, we have identified the mens indemnity swimwear mart as a authorization grocery segment to penetrate. The proposal consists of developing a course of study of scoopful or confine reading mens CK swimwear, made from the a la mode(p) lycra fabric technology comforting increased birth and comfort for consumers.The purpose of the following report is to outl ine a strategic integrated merchandise communication theory plan meaning the following elements challenger & situational analysis, identification of target audience, defining exploit objectives, formulation of imaginative and communications dodge and evaluation of the be given.Typically associated with a minimalistic ( inglorious and white) and controversial elbow room of advertisement, our weigh seeks to chief(prenominal)tain this specialized instigator im get on with, whilst building mark equity. The ultimate objectives of the campaign imply increasing cut-rate sales and profitability, generating exposure and awareness with potential customers and re-enforcing mail image and further building mug equity. These objectives may be secured through developing creative and innovative commercializeing strategies and campaign, attracting the sweet target segment by diversifying into the swimwear grocery store. The launch ofthe especial(a) edition of swimwear is strat egically timed to take government agency parallel with the unhorsening of summer 2013, on that pointby seeking to impound the wide market demand for mens swimwear.IntroductionProduct DescriptionThe Limited Edition CK mens swimwear lay is to consist of several difference styles of swimwear trunks, made from the latest fabric and fiber technology at that placeof fostering increased comfort and support for consumers. The concept of a limited edition veer, reinforces the exclusivity of the CK brand. In developing an exclusive locate, consumer demand classifiablely increases as it is considered as an special hazard acquire. Calvin Klein have not yet diversified into the swimwear industry, thus our limited edition ikon hobo be considered a trial or market test to establishing a much permanent presence in the Australian swimwear industry.How our Product is differentIncorporates the latest fabric (nylon) technology for swimwear to foster increased comfort and support for co nsumers. Competitor brands much(prenominal) as AussieBum are already victimisation this latest technology, then in manufacturing with this fabric CK is keeping up with industry innovations and knowledges. CK has not yet diversified into the swimwear market in Australia, venture go out capture the market demand for whole step premium swimwear CK willing employ the latest print designs and patterns with assistance from fashion industry experts that will assist in distinguishing our harvest-home from our competitors. P peaceige associated with purchasing the CK swimwear, in the fact it CK is predominantly a American brand therefore consumers may be more inclined to purchase found on this prestige and exclusivity brokerManagement ResponsibilityThe creation and development of this intersection point requires a subdivision or group to be established at CK Australia to monitor the establishment, development and execution of the manufacturing, de watchry and marketing element s associated with the swimwear range. These individuals must be customary andfamiliar with the CK brand, ensuring the core subjects and themes re master(prenominal) constant throughout the marketing campaign and remain aligned with the CK brand image.Geographic Location & Length of the CampaignOur Summer Limited Edition campaign, based in Sydney, is targeted toward young-begetting(prenominal) consumers aged 18-30 who characteristically have a high disposable income enabling them to purchase high quality premium swimwear. This campaign is based in Sydney due to the large population, climatical trends (hot summers) and the prolonged demand for premium swimwear. The campaign is to run from the beginning of springiness 2013 , ensuring early exposure in that consumers know of the fruit out front the summertime rush for swimwear commences, and to run until the end of autumn the end of summer 2014, therefore ensuring relevant lot exposure to the target audience.Situational Analysi sCurrent Market PositionProduct Range & Distribution Product, Price, furtherance and Place Calvin Klein rate of flowly has product offerings across its Calvin Klein Jeans, drownwear, Underwear and CK brands. The hierarchy starts with the CK designer underwear, and then there is Calvin Klein Jeans, which for Calvins casual lifestyle range. In among that you have CK One, which is the most(prenominal) youthful part of the brand and then theres CK Calvin Klein, which is slightly more formal for the edgy downtown girl and guy. On top of that is Calvin Klein Collection, which is at the apex of the pyramid. All of these use a premium pricing strategy, offering affordable luxury brand products with high quality and style.The diffusion of Calvin Klein products reflects this exclusivity as depicted in Figure 1, with 982 Calvin Klein retail stores worldwide, consisting of 189 full price free-standing stores, 118 outlet free-standing stores, and 864 shop-in-shop/concession stores.Financial PerformanceIt is authoritative to review Calvin Kleins pecuniary performance and current position in the market ass in enounce to position or embark on product extension lines and ensure business growth and prosperity. Figure 2 represents the results of last years financial performance, indicating the annual revenue to reach $1.1bn. Additionally, as indicated on Figure 3, Australian sales fall into the course of study of other at 2%, which is extremely low in contrast to the sales most the rest of the world. Therefore, in positioning the CK campaign in Australia, the CK brand is seeking to increase its presence in Australia and break into the domestic swim market.Figure 2Figure 2Company AnalysisCompany structureAccording to a statement by Philliphs-Van Heusen Corp (PVH), Calvin Klein leases a tiered strategyIn order to more efficiently and hard-hittingly exploit the development opportunities for each brand, a tiered-brand strategy was established to propose a focused, co nsistent approach to global brand growth and development. Each of the Calvin Klein brands occupies a distinct marketing identity and position that preserves the brands prestige and imageTherefore, the internal structure of Calvin Klein is section or divided into subdivisions based on the different offerings, such as Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein fragrances. Within each subgroup are specialist individuals, with extensive industry experience, as wholesomespring as other typical corporate roles, such as marketing and finance managers. It is last due to the size and diversity of the CK brand that it is subdivided, solitary(prenominal), across the different product avenues it maintains a prestige brand image.Top down managementCalvin Klein is currently owned by Philliphs-Van Heusen Corp (PVH), which iscomprised of Heritage smears, Tommy Hilfiger and Calvin Klein. Currently PVH adopts the top down management approach that is the executives and board members elect the coun selor of the company and are responsible for making strategic decisions and strategies regarding the future of the business. Calvin Klein, currently based in trade union America, is headed by Paul T Murry, whom is ultimately responsible for the direction and strategic choices for the development and prosperity of CK. matched AnalysisCalvin Kleins competitive analysis get hold ofs assessing the strength and weaknesses of current and potential competitors including considering their resource profile (financial & supplier connections or relationship) and capabilities. Typically Calvin Klein operates in the luxury apparel retail market, and therefore their traditional and predominant competitor base consists of the following brands Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss and Donna Karen. However, in the proposed swimwear market we have identified relevant competitors to includeSpeedo glory for style and performance, the Speedo brand was established in Sydney in 1914 and has grown to be the leading swimwear brand in Australia. Essentially this will be the largest competitor of the untested CK limited edition swimwear range, due to the already established loyal customer base and extensive and stable market stare in the domestic market with industry reports indicating a 17 per cent rise in Australian sales and a 44 per cent worldwide during 2010. Currently Speedo offers various ranges or collections including Competition and Racing swimwear, Board short circuit and Swim Trunks, Fashion and Lifeguard.AussieBumFounded in Sydney in 2001, AussieBum manufacturers swimwear and underwear that are renown for its designs and comfort. AussieBum remains an industry leader in terms of using the latest fabric technologies to foster increased comfort and support for their consumers. Despite been fabricate in Sydney, the predominant target market for the AussieBum swimwear is inEuropean nations (due to the trunks instead of board short style). However, as they are based in Syd ney and offers over 150 product lines at a premium price, AussieBum can therefore be considered a close competitor of the CK limited edition range.Budgy base runnersLaunched in 2004, the Budgy Smuggler brand is becoming an increasingly popular and well known brand. The 100% Australian made brand, are becoming increasingly famous with the bright bold colourful swimwear and the multiple charity events consumers are wear away the smugglers at such as BabeWatch. As they are Australian made and popular amongst the surfer culture, Budgy smugglers can be classified as a serious competitor to the CK swimwear range.Perceptual MapExternal environsTechnological FactorsIt is crucial for organisations to remain abreast of the latest technologies in order to remain competitive in the current business environment. Therefore, it is essential to consider technological developments surrounding some(prenominal) the marketing and advertisement worlds as well as the swimwear industry. Technologica l innovations and developments in fabric and fibre technology (fostering comfort and support) as well as Computer Aided Design (CAD) offering sensitive innovative prints and patterns combined with the new more efficient manufacturing techniques, make the fashion and in grumpy swimwear industry highly competitive. Therefore it is crucial that CK conducts extensive research and development on their swimwear line in order to gain an advantage over their several(prenominal) competitors. Additionally, CK must acknowledge the new forms of marketing to include internet denote and advertising through friendly media as society is becoming increasingly technologically dependent.Economic FactorsThe stability, stage of the life cycle and fluctuations in the economy areall factors that squarely influence and impact upon consumer spending. If the economy is experiencing a downturn or decline, consumers are less likely to spend money on non-essential items and less likely to pay more for qua lity garments or swimwear. Therefore, as our target audience is projected to include those that have a higher discretionary income, CK must be aware and have an appropriate contingency plan in place if the state of the economy declines leaving sales heavily affected.Legal & Political FactorsCK must also consider the polity relevant to their business operations such as Trade Practices flake 1974 and Consumer Protection Act 2010, additionally legal considerations may include patents (for fabric innovation ideas), OH & S of manufacturing workplace facilities and employment legislation (including relationships with trade unions).Opportunity AnalysisExpansion of the CK brandCalvin Klein has diversified into various and varied industry avenues, however they have not yet efficaciously penetrated the Australian swimwear market. From fragrances to lingerie and home wears, the CK brand has enjoyed success in multiple industries, however, we have identified the swimwear market in the Austra lian region as a crucial opportunity and profitable venture. Therefore, in the expansion or diversification of the CK brand into the swimwear market, the CK brand would ultimately be not only building its brand equity but also expanding their customer base and concurrently generating healthy profits.Shift in social trendsSociety is becoming more accepting and supportive of the budgie smuggler style swimwear brief. There is an increasing trend and significant increase in men wearing the swim trunks. A recent online poll (on business day) indicates the budgie smuggler style of swimwear is at 53% popularity, therefore this confirms there is a market demand for the trunk style of swimwear. *http//www.businessday.com.au/executive-style/style/return-of-the-budgie-smuggler-20101020-16u1n.htmlIndustry thoughtfulness & CompetitorsThe predominant competitors of the CK swimwear range would include Speedo, Aussiebum, Budgie Smugglers and Billabong. However these are the main competitors, the refore it can be established the market is not heavily saturated. In reviveence to Porters 5 forces model, the barriers to entry in the Australian Swimwear market are relatively low, due to the limited competitive landscape.Therefore, in considering the above factors in the CK opportunity analysis, and with additional consideration of the perceptual map, it can be determined there is a gap in the market that the CK limited edition range can penetrate.ObjectivesObjectives provide guidelines for the marketing team to work towards and foster a sense of purpose for the campaign. Our engage with the general marketing program is to throw product awareness, tug our limited edition swimwear through effective means and increase our market piece of ground. Since this special edition line is not yet in the market our objective is to create relatively high market share within the Sydney region over the period of the campaign. We are also scenting to increase consumption in the wider Syd ney area by using a varied marketing mix. Furthermore we intend to use extensive print advertisements (billboard, powder cartridge holder & scroll) to increase awareness heading into the summer season. There are several main objectives in the CK campaignMarketing ObjectivesRetain the CK brand image and further build brand equity through the introduction or extension of CK brand into the swimwear market gross sales ObjectivesObtain 35% market share in the swimwear industry (based in the Sydney region) by the conclusion of the campaignGenerate net profit of excess than $2millionDevelop campaign within figureed limitationscommunicating ObjectivesCreate awareness of CK limited edition range through effective advertising instruments, seeking to persuade consumers to purchase the CK product.Target AudienceMarket sectionGeographic SegmentationThe market can be segmented according to geographic characteristics or criteria, such as our campaign is based in NSW and predominantly focused in Sydney. The large population and climatic conditions (hot summers) of Sydney make it an appropriate and suitable geographic region to focus our campaign toward.Demographic Segmentation fraction of the market based on characteristics such as gender, income and age male 18-30 with a moderate to high income. These demographic features enable CK, to develop a suitable product put togethering consumer demands and design an effective marketing campaign to reach the projected audience.Psychographic SegmentationThe underpinning marketing strategy the CK campaign will adopt, is predominantly based on appealing to the target markets sense of in gage and desire to cheek good and sexy through purchasing and wearing the CK briefs. Factors to consider in this segmentation include lifestyle, personality characteristics, social class and values. Essentially, the typical CK consumer would enjoy a luxurious lifestyle in the middle to high social class range and additionally personality traits may include fashion conscious as well as desire to be socially accepted.Target MarketPrimary AudienceOur target audience consists of males aged 18-30 in the Sydney region, with typically a higher disposable income (to purchase the trunks at RRP $129.95). Through market segmentation, we have identified this segment of the market to be our projected audience, and from this we are able to develop a effective marketing campaign to reach and persuade consumers.Secondary AudienceOur secondary target audience, is the respective partners and mothers (girlfriends & mothers) of the males age 18-30. Therefore, we have incorporated into our marketing strategy, print advertisements in womens magazines. Women are the positioned target market to purchase the product as a gift or present for their partners.PositioningUltimately, this refers to the process of establishing an image, identity or stigma in the minds of the consumers that they associate with the brand. The Calvin Klein brand has an exis ting brand diagnose in the minds of consumers, in that typically it is viewed as a sexy or animal(a) and an enticing brand. Therefore, for the extension into the swimwear industry we are ultimately seeking to maintain this positioning in the minds of the consumer.Communications schemeMessageThe purpose of the campaign is to submit brand exposure and generate awareness and stimulate demand for the new range of limited edition swimwear. Ultimately, the campaign is maintaining the typical elements of CK marketing in its minimalistic, black and white and controversial style to align with the overall CK brand image. The objective of the campaign is to generate a sense of exclusivity and want for the CK swimwear range, through positioning of the advertisements and promotional activities it is seeking to attract the young male target audience who have interest or touch on with appearance and comfort of their swimwear. Typically, CKadvertisements are considered provocative and feature fetching, muscular male models which appeal on a social level to the target audiences sense of esteem and confidence. Therefore, through using attractive and famous overt figures, such as the Stenmark twins and celebrity endorsements, consumers will believe if they purchase the swimwear they will too look as attractive as those that appear in the advertisement.SourceUltimately, Calvin Klein is the source or sender of the selective claimation to their respective intended receiver. In using a celebrity or model endorsement (Stenmark twins), it is crucial to ensure the consumer perspectives and associations of the source as overconfident and align with the brand image. The ultimate objective or purpose of the source or sender is to encode the meaning in a succinct and effective personal manner so that the target audience or receiver is able to understand and comprehend the grade message. bringA communications channel refers to the medium through which the message is communi cated to the target audience or the receiver. Typically, Calvin Klein campaigns adopt a non personal channel of communication that is the message is carried to the receiver without interpersonal impinging from the sender. An example of this would include the Calvin Klein billboards, which are advertised to a mass audience. Additionally, the CK campaign would incorporate personal channels of communication, which includes direct contact with the target audience. Personal channels, such as the proposed pop-up shows and demonstrations, assist in both brand exposure and the development of rapport with the public and the respective target audience. Therefore, through adopting both forms of communication channels (personal and non-personal) Calvin Klein seeks to maximize brand exposure and effectively communicate the intended message to the target audience.ReceiverEssentially, the receiver refers to the audience or individuals exposed to the message. Typically, the intended receiver is th e target audience males aged 18-30 in the middle to high-end income segment and financial support in Sydney.The role of the receiver is to decode the key messages, for example the CK swimwear makes you look and feel sexy and confident, in the communication material, and process them forming an informed opinion or thought.FeedbackThe retort or reaction to the exposure to the message can indicate the effectiveness of the campaign or advertisement in stretch and communicating with the target audience. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a follow up study (focus group) or assessment to gather an collar of the effectiveness of the advertisement and identify the areas development or improvement.Creative StrategyEssentially, the purpose of the proposed creative strategy is to obtain consumer upkeep and mass exposure and to get on or provoke consumers to purchase the CK swimwear range. Inline with the simplistic style and themes (for example black and white) of previous campaigns, t he proposed advertisement will too incorporate the typical elements found in CK promotions, thus ensuring a consistent brand image. Currently, CK has excellent consumer brand recognition thus in maintaining the typical CK marketing theme consumers are able to more easily identify the brand. Ultimately, the creative strategy is a crucial element of the IMC plan, as it outlines the predominant message and purpose of the advertisement and assists in determining the brand positioning that is how consumers perceive the CK product.Advertising Problem or IssueThe predominant problem or progeny is how to effectively reach, connect and prompt or sanction the target audience to purchase the CK swimwear.Advertising and Communication ObjectivesGenerate greater brand awareness and brand equity informing consumers of the new CK swimwear range (notifying the world-wide population that the CK brand has diversified into mens swimwear) whilst simultaneously gaining consumer attention (that of the public and target market) claim brandimage light upond through utilizing the same CK theme of the attractive model, black and white photo on billboards across the Sydney region and print advertisementsPersuade target audience to purchase product through specific marketing tactics, such as adopting designs to appeal to the consumers affective functions or conscious, the campaign seeks to prompt or encourage consumers to purchase the swimwear.Target AudienceAs previously outlined, the target audience is the select group of customers to aim the marketing efforts toward, in respect to the CK campaign our target market is males 18-30 living in Sydney. The simplicity of the campaign is designed based on characteristics of the target market, which is the tendency for males of the 18-30-age bracket to not read or dupe large amounts of information in advertisements. Therefore, as males tend to simply view an image, through the affective advertising approach, the campaign may prompt them to purchase the product as it appeals to social based looking ats of acceptance and esteem. Additionally, in utilizing attractive models and simplistic campaigns this also attracts the target markets respective partners, females. Females are motivated by the image of an attractive man in trunks, and may purchase the product in hope their man can look like the model.Major Selling Idea or Key BenefitsIn adopting the affective appeals approach, the campaign seeks to indirectly influence or play on the consumers sense of security, acceptance and esteem (socially based appeals) prompting them to purchase the swimwear in order to feel and look good. It is crucial to consider the promise or get ahead the advertisement is going to give the consumer, for example the CK suggests men who buy the swimwear range to look attractive, sexy and sultry which in-turn may attract females. Therefore it is inn appealing to the target audiences sense of security and acceptance, the campaign encourages mal es to purchase the swimwear.Creative Strategy Statement (Theme appeal and execution techniques)Theme appeal It is primary(prenominal) the campaigns theme remains consistent with pastmarketing efforts, as it fosters brand consistency and brand recognition. Therefore, using black and white billboard advertisements with attractive males models is an essential part of the campaign to launch the new swimwear range. back up Information and RequirementsAd Layout in relation to the composition of the billboard and magazine layouts, it is crucial to have a visual element and the CK logo present and easily identifiable. Essentially, the logo and brand name must be present and easily visible enabling consumers quick and easy brand recognition. Additionally, the image must for overindulge the brief of being sultry and sexy thus appealing to the target audiences social based feelings. strain billboard and magazine layouts may be found in the media planning section below.BudgetProposed Budgeti ng and foretellingMedia PlanningEssentially, the purpose of the proposed creative strategy is to obtain consumer attention and mass exposure and to encourage or provoke consumers to purchase the CK swimwear. It is crucial to consider when the promotional activities are run to ensure the effectiveness of the campaign. The CK campaign will begin with a bang and launch with all advertising mediums in place to generate initial mass exposure and attention. Gradually as the campaign proceeds, CK will alternate which magazines it advertises in to achieve greatest market coverage. Additionally, the billboards will run through the entirety of the campaign, as despite their cost, they act as an effective actuateer for consumers and are thus a vital aspect of our strategy. Our media campaign will involve several different types of advertising within the media mix, with media coverage focused on ensuring that Sydney males aged 18-30 receive the most media emphasis.Develop media MixCatalogueMa gazine print advertisementBillboardPoint of purchase displays*refer to media strategy for in-depth reviewGeographic LocationOur advertising activities will extend from the throughout the Sydney region. However our main advertisements will be based around the beaches close to Sydneys CBD. The Eastern Suburbs (bondi), Northern Suburbs and Northern beaches will be our primary localisation principles for advertisements.SchedulingWe are using the flighting method of scheduling here due to the specificity of our product line. We are only looking to advertise when our target market is interested in swimming (Summer & Spring) and therefore flighting is the best method in order to reduce wastage.Month in Campaign Promotional ActivitiesSpring family line13Initial Launch, all advertising mediums in place to generate mass attention and exposure, generate a buzz around the producta.Set up point of purchase displays at retail stores depart CK section in retail stores featuring large posters of campaign and catalogues for consumers to take b.Billboard launchSydney CBD locationBondi Locationc.Catalogue dispersal in retail outlets such as DJ & Myerdirect marketing, dispersion of catalogues to existing customers on the CK database d.Magazine advertGQ periodic editionMens HealthRalphGearCosmopolitanGraziaSHOPSpring October 13Settling into campaign, engaging reminders to consumers achieved through monthly magazine advertisements and consistency of billboard advertisementsa.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Locationb.Cataloguedistribution in retail outlets such as DJ & Myerc.Magazine AdvertisementGQ monthly editionRalphCosmopolitanSHOPSpring November 13Maturity of campaign, gentle reminders to consumers achieved through monthly magazine advertisements and consistency of billboard advertisementsa.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Locationb.Cataloguedistribution in retail outlets such as DJ & Myerc.Magazine AdvertisementMens HealthGearGraziaSummer celestial latitude 13Beginni ng of Summer, therefore additional advertisements in magazines and more extensive catalogue distribution to remind consumers to purchase the product. Also leading upto Christmas, position as present idea. a.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Locationd.Cataloguedistribution in retail outlets such as DJ & Myerdirect marketing, distribution of catalogues to existing customers on the CK database e.Magazine AdvertisementGQ monthly editionMens HealthRalphCosmopolitanSHOPGraziaSummer January 14Continuation of heavy promotional activities, as this month falls in peak of summer. a.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Locationb.Cataloguedistribution in retail outlets such as DJ & Myerc.Magazine AdvertisementGQ monthly editionMens HealthRalphCosmopolitanSHOPGraziaSummer February 14Winding down of the campaign, reduction in advertisements. Cessation of catalogue distribution and limited magazine prints a.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Locationb.Magazine AdvertisementGQ monthly editionMens Health RalphAutumn March 14Concluding end of the campaign, involves winding down promotional activities such as stopping the magazine print advertisements and catalogue distribution a.BillboardSydney CBD locationBondi Location cash in ones chips and FrequencyThis is the most important aspect of the media planning. Our target market is around 30% of Sydneys population. Therefore, in order to increase awareness and raise sales levels we are only looking to reach 80% of our target market with our advertising message. On average we would like this 80% to view this message at least 3 times. By exposing large numbers of the target market we can ensure first year sales are high and we can maximise our profit. By placing our ads in highly populated areas we can certainly ensure that our target market is being reached effectively.Reach Marketing mix ensures exposure to the general public and the target audience, essentially they are exposed to the CK campaign through various mediums.Frequency Maint ained billboard advertisements ensure constant exposure to both the public and the target audience. The frequency of the magazine advertisements also contributes to acting as a reminder mechanism for consumers to begin the decision making process, that is reminding them of the CK swimwear range and prompting them to purchaseCreative aspects and irritationOur marketing mix has been elect specifically to ensure that the vehicles that portray our advertising message are creative whilst almost ensuring to enhance the mood of the target market. By using billboards and magazine advertising we can ensure that our message is evoked positively to the consumer. These media vehicles allow us to ensure that we gain interest in our product and increase the chances of the target market purchasing our product.FlexibilityIn order to achieve our company goals, there is a need to be flexible. Certain aspects of our media plan are more flexible then others. The most flexible promotion natural process in the campaign, would be the distribution of the CK catalogues this is due to the initial testing of the receptivity and consumer response. For example, if the catalogues receive a positive response, that is numerous consumers are taking and viewing them, essentially CK campaign manager should organise for more to be printed and distributed (template is already existing).Budget considerationsOur budget magazine advertising is around $450,000 per year so to ensure we effectively use this media vehicle, we would place the advertisements in magazine that are read by our target market. In particular mens health, which is read widely by 18-30 year old males who enjoy looking and feeling healthy. The CPM of Mens Health is $145, however this doesnt represent our target market effectively so we are only using magazine advertisements from September to February in order to avoid wastage. The billboard advertising creates difficulties in effectively reaching our target market, howeversince o ur budget is around $200,000 we can afford to place these in three distinct and separate places. The Sydney CBD and Bondi are heavily populated by our target market, whether they live there or work there, by placing our billboards in these specific places we effectively use our budget and achieve our marketing objectives.Sample Billboard and Magazine DesignThe layout of both the image is designed to be the ii Stenmark brothers posing in the CK swimwear (positioned toward the right of the advertisement billboard and magazine), printed in black and white, with minimalistic writing positioned on the left ensuring the viewers eye reads the message then views the associated image Sample billboard/magazine adMedia StrategyMedia strategy takes into consideration the various tools of the IMC mix in recognition of achieving an organisations media objectives (Belch et al, 2012). Through the use of such disciplines as advertising, direct marketing, internet, interactive media, sales promotio ns, public relations, publicity and personal selling Calvin Klein will strive towards achieving their objectives with their new product line.Advertising Print MediaMagazinesCalvin Klein summer 2013-14 campaign will include double paged spreads in various mens magazines (positioned in the opening pages of the magazines to capture the attention of the readers), including Mens Health, Ralph, Gear and GQ. The advertisement, despite the high cost, is effective in reaching the target audience and prompting them to purchase the swimwear. The layout of the magazine advertisement will reverberate the billboard campaign, the minimalistic black and white image featuring the Stenmark brothers. The advantages of a double page spread include the enhanced consumer receptivity and interlock (as the prominence of the ad ensures consumer attention) and secondly the prestige and permanence associated with print media.The second approach includes print advertisements in womens magazines such as Cosmo politan, Grazia and SHOP. In having a print advertisement in womens magazines, the intention is to capture and persuade the female audience to purchase the swimwear for their boyfriends or partners. The main image of the print advertisement will change monthly to avoid the wear out affect, that is it will be slightly changed (the swimwear and the pose).Billboards heterogeneous billboards featuring the CK limited edition range will be featured around the Sydney region (CBD and bondi). The billboards will mirror the magazine print advertisements (fostering consistency), featuring the Stenmark brothers wearing the limited edition swimwear range. The advantages of using billboards include maximum exposure to both the public and the target audience (in hope of walk by awareness).Direct MarketingCatalogueThe limited edition range will develop a catalogue, directly sent to consumers in the CK database, informing them of the new product line. This immediately reaches out to the current bran d loyal consumers, encouraging them to purchase the new range. Additionally, the catalogue assists in the exposure of the line to potential customers, as they are able to view images of the entire range. net and Interactive mediaWebsiteCalvin Klein has an established website for their wide range of products, enabling consumers to view the companies history and view the latest collections. This website allows consumers to need into sizes, recommended prices and in-season products which when the swimwear line of Calvin Klein is launched, it will feature on the home page to increase awareness.Paid SearchCalvin Klein could strategically pay major search engines such as Google topromote Calvin Klein in the top sites promoted when such key words as swimwear and beachwear are searched. This way consumers are more likely to be directed towards exploring Calvin Klein swimwear range in contrast to other search results leading consumers towards competitors.Social Media Instagram & FacebookCK aims to develop a stronger presence online and in the social media sector, as the target market characteristically uses these mediums often thus it remains an effective mechanism for reaching our intended audience.Public RelationsPublicityA media release by Calvin Klein will be issued in a strive for positive publicity and brand exposure with the main message of the phrase highlighting the fact the CK brand has extended their product line to include swimwear. The purpose of the media release is to inform both the public and industry experts and fashionistas of the direction of the CK brand.Sales PromotionPoint of purchase displaysPoint of purchase displays will be offered to major retailers of CK apparel such as Myer and David Jones. The display will include the products and the CK swimwear promotional video and catalogue for consumers to take. This will help to attract customers into the store and increase their sales, this will help to encourage distributors and retailers to carr y and push our product. Distributors that promote our POPDs will be entitled to a trade allowance. credit EndorsementThe Stenmark brothers (as pictured), are well known industry wide and in the Sydney region (from Riverview School) and are therefore appropriate figures to use as our campaign endorsements. The prestige and sexy look associated with the brothers fosters the image and intention of the overall campaign.Personal SellingRecommending a way to execute the customers needs and wants It is our aim to infinitely stay up to date with customers needs and wants and to continuously satisfy these. CKs research and development team is determined to always be up to date with latest fashion trends and fads to help to always satisfy customers needs and wants. The limited edition range, includes the latest in fabric innovation, that fosters increased comfort for consumers.Closing the saleMajor retail chains will be provided the opportunity to sell the new CK swimwear range (such a Dav id Jones and Myers) . The employees of these retail outlets will be provided educational material with special selling points to help them promote the product and close the sale. Incentives for staff will be provided with free products and discounts for exceptional personal selling efforts.Follow ups sell assistants will be provided the opportunity to provide feedback to CK on the customers likes, dislikes and opinions on the product range as well as their own findings. This will help the ensure that the customers needs and wants are always maintained to a high standard.Campaign EvaluationIn assessing the success and effectiveness of the campaign there are various factors to take into consideration including sales figures, marketing goals, advertisement content, media mix and the creation process. Sales FiguresComparison of actual and projected sales results, is an indicator of the success of the campaign. This involves assessing the percentage of growth, and whether this met or did nt meet the objectives and expectations. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the context of the period of selling, for example the strength of the economy or stage it is at in can have implications or heavily influence the sales results of the CK range. According to our projected budget our net profit aims to reach $2,582,390.00 which would generate a healthy return for CK.Marketing GoalsThis involves assessing whether the marketing goals and objectives were met. For example, if the marketing objectives were met in terms of the desired market share. Additionally consider if the advertisements were reaching the intended market.Advertisement contentednessConsider was the underlying message of the campaign communicated to the market, were they able to easily understand and absorb the message. Additionally, consider did the billboards and magazine advertisements for fil the purpose of reaching out to the customers and informing them of the new limited edition range? And also how wa s the message received by the target market? Did it provoke a positive or negative response and why? In order to gather this data, CK can conduct interviews and surveys from consumers to gain understanding of the varied responses and identify room for improvement for future campaigns.Media MixConsider the different mediums used in the promotional campaign, billboard, magazine and shows, and which medium seemed to be the most lucky and why. Crucial to compare sales figures across the different mediums (magazines and billboards) and identify net and gross profits to identify areas of strengths and weaknesses.Creating ProcessConsideration of the time frame of the campaign and whether the mandatory tasks were completed on time to a professional standard, additionally if the campaign stayed within the budget. In overall evaluation of the campaign, with consideration of the elements outlined above, the campaign is projected to run successfully and generate a significant profit for CK.Con clusionIn summary, this report has discussed the integrated marketing communications plan for the introduction of the new limited edition Calvin Klein swimwearrange. It has outlined the marketing strategies and promotional activities to be implemented to ensure a successful campaign, in turn ensuring organizational objectives are achieved.AppendicesCampaign Evaluation TemplateUnknown, viewed twenty-fourth September 2012, http//www.biztree.com/Templates/Marketing-Campaign-Evaluation.htmlUnknown, Calvin Klein, viewed initiatory October 2012,J.McLaughlin, March 31, 2010, Calvin Klein A Brand History, viewed 24th September http//www.time2.co.uk/blog/brand-history-calvin-klein Additional ReferencesA.Brannon, B.Chirichella, C.Schaffer & J.Wittmer, 16th November 2012, Calvin Klein, viewed 24th September 2012A. Kesper 2011, Australia, a nation transformed, viewed 24th September 2012Belch, George and Belch, Michael 2012, Advertising and Promotion An Integrated Marketing Communications Persp ective, 9th Edition, viewed 24th September 2012D. Waller 2012, Developing your intergrated marketing communication plan, 1st Edition, viewed 24th September 2012.J.McLaughlin, March 31, 2010, Calvin Klein A Brand History, viewed 24th September http//www.time2.co.uk/blog/brand-history-calvin-klein Unknown, Advertising and Marketing Communications, viewed 24th September 2012Unknown, International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 55. St. throng Press, 2003, Calvin Klein, Inc. History, viewed 25th September http//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/calvin-klein-inc-history/ Unknown, PVH, Our Company Leadership, viewed 29th September 2012,N.Smith 2012, Gentlemens Quarterly 2012 Media Kit, viewed 29th September 2012,