Nineteenth Century Romantic Period

Nineteenth Century romanticistic catchWhat is medical specialty.The dictionary says medication is, an ruseistic track of auditory communication incorporating subservient or vocal tvirtuosos in a buildingd and continuous trend (Dictorniary.com). Most wad would excessively open to agree that harmony is a serious that k no.s come forth of anger and that the maker of the hefty is expressing what harmony is to him/her to the completed terra firma. We as individuates pay off to pick what pattern of medicament to listen to and what kind of medication has interest to us. The romantic consummation was fill ind by numerous individuals because it let the composers express the melody the vogue they choice to. The harmony was unsubdivided and had a lot of e achievemental expression to it. romanticist music goes c everywhere charge to the particular flow, theory, and practice of much or less 1815-1910. The romanticism in the Romantic time blockage of the early nineteenth light speed do this kind of music a movement that describes the expansion of the structures within a melodious point and improved band full terms by having to a greater extent passion and expressive to them. The expansion of the forms made it easier to identify the bring in to the artist, for exercise by the fractions of form, key, peckeration and the worry of the work. The Romantic revolution in a way maven can say in the lit became a similar revolution in the music during this time limit. Romantic music is certainly look upd to the romanticism in literature, and to a fault to opthalmic arts, and philosophy. It was believed that Romantic music struggled to uplift e appargonnt movemental expression and as well struggled with authority sequence saving or even extending the formal structural from the pure period which occurred before the Romantic period even started. The nineteenth carbon had melodic comedy theater language. The composers analyzed t he music to poetry and its rhapsodic and narrative structure to create a more systematic starting point when paper and even performing the concert music. Romantic composers pauperizationed to complicate the form in that locationfore they employ longer melodies and when the composers wanted grater harmonic, the work of art in the music ran more fluidity as a result. The Romantic period was indeed a time of great revolutions. Passion was the key element that made the Romantic period what is was rather than reason. Passion went side by side with imagination. The Romantic period was about composers trying more or lessthing new-made, something out of the box, something that was neer tried before and most importantly, something that identified who the utter composer was. This was the way some individuals fought back during the American Civil War. Individuals fought back with their tinctureings and most importantly with their emotions when the industrial Revolution began to repla ce e rattlingone with machines. As stated, emotions ruled the arts during this time period, the Romantic period had more artistic granting immunity than early(a) periods before it, and a walloping part of that was due to emotions and the imagination of these wonderful composers. The Romantic period brought a new musical form with it called tone poem which t superannuated a story kind of like a lay. These stories and music were about strange places and wonderful events. Tone semblance was a nonher important creation. Tone color is when a special sound makes an pawn or voice sound different from an other(a). The new instruments created new tone colors while the old instruments produced different tone colors as they were vie in new ways. Virtuosic was as well very big for the Romantic period. Virtuosic is something that numerous individuals can affiliate to. The composers and musicians showed off their talents by vie very difficult sections of music. Franz Liszt which will be talked about subsequent on was one of these famous soft virtuosos. If he was to be related to something in the present time, Liszt would oblige to be what a rock star is today. When sentiment of the Romantic period, the most ordinary instrument would go to indeed be the diffuse. Frederic Chopin which will be talked about later on was the best known composer of gently music. Many new instruments were as well as invented during the Romantic period such as the tuba, saxophone, and the old instruments were improved and were weaken than before. The nineteenth century adduced umpteen -isms, such as nationalism, impressionism, supernaturalism, and symbolism. The Romantic occlusion was about emotion, longing, imagination, literature, dreams, and program music taking place. The composers status rose during the Romantic Era. Composers were more liked by the man. The Industrial Revolution made it attainable for every middle relegate home to have a piano. The music was organ ism taken to extremes during this time period. The composers stretched out the forms into their works. not only was it affirmable to have a piano in every middle household household because of the Industrial Revolution still it made it possible for symmetrical people to make and experience music in their own homes in the comfort of their family and friends. Frederic Francois Chopin, Franz Ritter von Liszt, and Felix Mendelssohn in my opinion had to be some of the greatest composers of the 19th century.Frederic Francois Chopin was born in 1810 and died in 1849 at a young age. It is verbalise that at the young age of 39 Chopin died of tuberculosis. Chopin was born in the settlement of Zelazowa Wola, in the Duchy of Warsaw to a French father, and a cut down mother. As Chopin got older he left to go to capital of France whither he was indeed making a living as a composer and a piano teacher, and from time to time he was also giving a few public performances for fun. His composi tions were written primarily dear for the piano as a solo instrument. The piano meant everything to Chopin, and the piano was the most ordinary instrument of the Romantic arrest as stated before. Many people have said that Chopin was a Nationalistic composer. Nationalism is a love of ones coarse and the desire to see ones demesne free from invaders. His music speaks to these opinionings of patriotism and freedom (Todd 55). It is believed that Chopin invented musical forms such as the instrumental ballad. The instrumental ballad is in a way like a story having a hammy or exciting episode in it or even a narrative. The twist is that this episode or narrative is placed in a verse, poem, or even a verse by a psyche such as a composer. Stories that argon looked at as ballads allow in but argon not limited to, historical accounts, familial traditions, or fairy tales. These three spokespersons communicate the fact that these ballads be indeed comprehend from oral tradition a story passed on from generation to generation. The ballad usually has three stress lines which are called a balled meter, and simple ingeminate rhymes, which are a lot repeated with a refrain. It is also said that Chopin was also responsible for major innovation in the piano, here are retributive a few sonata, mazurka, waltz, and prelude.Chopin wrote tetrad Sonatas. A sonata is a musical composition of three or four movements of contrasting forms. victimization the word sonata from the Latin and Italian sonar it nitty-gritty to sound. Three for piano solo and one for piano and cello. His sonatas were targeted of much abuse that Chopin had four of his maddest children under the same roof. The tralatitious Sonata form is A-B-A. Chopins starting sonata was titled Sonata No.2 in B-flat pincer, Op.35, this was composed in 1839 at Nohant near Chateauroux in France. This sonata consists of four movements the first is the Grave Doppio movimento, second is the Scherzo, trio is the Marche funebre Lento, and the forth is the Finale Presto. In the first movement I facial expression as if the poetry features a stormy opening maybe to introduce the theme while the second theme has more of a calmer relaxed feel to it. The third movement begins and ends with the funeral march in B flat minor which is what gives this sonata its title. The finale contains a whirlwind of notes played in congruity. there is not a single rest of chord until the final bars. In the finale there are a lot of dynamics, the volume changes very often. As I listen to this sonata I feel my mind drifting off and I mean that in a good way. I am thinking of memories and I imagine myself staring out by the window on a rainy day while this is playing in the room. I feel very calm and very at peace when I insure this sonata, but at the same time I feel as if this sonata is very reluctant and down that it kind of makes me bored in the middle of it.A mazurka is a moderately fast Polish country da nce which was popular in atomic number 63 during the Romantic Period. These Polish kinship group dances are in triple meter with a heavy underscore on the second or third beat of every flyer. For example (1-2-31-2-3 or 1-2-31-2-3). The Mazurkas, Op. 6 contains four of the first mazurkas that Chopin published. No. 1 in F minor uses Polish folk rhythms and modes. This Mazurka starts out with a piano section in which the theme is started. The second theme is started in loud. long suit is used in dynamics to refer to the volume of a sound or note. Fortissimo means very loud and it is the highest dynamic there is to capture the volume of sound or a note. These ii conversions some(prenominal) end with repeats. The third theme is introduced as an ostinato, which is a phrase that is persistently repeated in the same musical voice that an ostinoto always has rival sounds. Chopin composed a total of 58 mazurkas. Another famous mazurka by Frederic Chopin was his Mazurka in B-flat, op. 7, no.1. The melody of this mazurka stands out in the uppermost voice while the lower voices play a strictly supporting role. The textual matterure is homophonic because of the high melody of the moment. This work is a character makeup it has footling works that capture a particular character, not the character in a story but in the sense of a characters mood. This piece of music by Chopin is a great example of musical nationalism and a great example of how Chopin used nationalism in his music. on that point are no voices just the piano pick upd in this mazurka but the piano is playing the part of the vocalist. A drone bass voice is a single pair of notes that are repeated over and over once again which is used in this song. This mazurka uses a lot of scales (Do-Re-Mi) that go up and down. This mazurka is popular with the piano player opening with a theme that consists simply of an ascending scale- a serious of steps going up in an upward motion to p which is soft. then(pre nominal) later the mode changes to mystery or musing and the series of scales go down in a downward motion to pp which is very soft. This is when rubato is taking place. Rubato in music just basically means when the tempo is being pushed and pulled by the measures.A waltz is a dance hall and folk dance that is performed in a closed position. A waltz is a piece of music that is in triple meter a waltz also has a 1.2.3 1.2.3. count and is usually a slow tempo. Waltzes have one chord per measure and the root of the chord is the first note. Chopin himself composed 20 waltzes. A prelude is a short piece of music in which the form of it may vary.Chopins Waltz in D flat is a popular Waltz that many are acquainted(predicate) with. It is popularly known as the Minute Waltz. Chopin wrote this waltz in 1847 consequently it was composted during the middle of the Romantic Period. Chopin did not intend for this waltz to be played in one minute usually this performance of the waltz is about on e and half to two and a half minutes. While perceive to Chopins Waltz in D flat, I very much racketed the Waltz. It is very fast and I like that it binds to a rhythm. I also like how some of the notes are loud and out there for the listener to hear very clearly, and then laterwards a while the notes just meld away and are very quite. It makes the listener want to pay especial(a) close attention to the notes, and then when the listener does, the notes surprise the listener and come back louder like they were played before. I was also imagining a big ballroom full of people dancing and that is not because this is a Waltz. The rectitude is the feel of the music. This kind of music makes you want to ballroom dance in a way.Franz Ritter von Liszt was born on October 22, 1811 and died on July 31, 1886. He was born to Marie Anna lager and Adam Liszt in the village of Raiding in Sopron Country, which is now in Hungary. Liszts father played the piano as well as many other instrument s and he taught Faranz Liszt how to play the piano at the young age of seven. Then at the age of eight, Liszt began composing. At the age of nine, Liszt appeared in many concerts and after the concerts, a group of well off Hungarians offered to finance Franz music education abroad. He was a Hungarian composer, a wonderful pianist and a teacher. Liszt was becoming popular during the 19th century throughout Europe for the great skill that he had as a performer. He is said to be the greatest pianist of all time. Many individuals are influenced by him as an important composer and a conductor who contributed to the modern development of the art of all time. He contributed to the invention of the symphonic poem. The symphonic poem is also called a tone poem and is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section (a movement) in which the glut of a poem, a story or a novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non- musical) source is illustrated or evoked (dictornary.com). The te rm of symphonic poem was first applied by Franz Liszt himself to his 13 works. Liszt also developed the concept of the thematic transformation as part of his musical form and making departures in harmony. Liszt was known as a rich composer. His career followed his changing personal and professional life. He was not apprehensive to mix professional and personal life together. Liszts piano works are said to be difficult to the average person. Liszt also liked to expand his musical views into poetry and painting. The largest and well best known music of Liszt has to be his cowcatcher piano work. He was known for taking previously through works and revising them for example, Annees de Pelerinage which means years of pilgrimage in slope has gone through some thoroughly revised process by Liszt. Many people have said that Liszts piano works are divided into two different classes. The first class are his original works such as the piece called Harmonies poetigues et religieuses and the second class are the fantasy works that have been done by other composers, for example Liszts transcriptions of songs done by Schubert. Liszt is well known for composing almost six-spot dozen original songs with a piano accompaniment. A lot of the songs were in German or French, and only one song was done in English. As of today a lot of Liszts songs have been forgotten by the public. Liszts songs should be played and remembered forever because he loved the idea of platform music. Programme music is much that is intended to evoke extra musical ideas. His own view on this was that music can be taken from the preface of the Album dun Voyageur (NAME PG). One thing that great composter exact to be is noted teachers and Liszt was the most noted teacher of the 19th century.Liszt piano concerto no.1 consists of four movements. Allegro maestoso, Quasi adagio, allegretto vivace, and Allegro maziale. During the Allegro maestoso, the piece begins and the theme is introduced by the orchestr a. Then following is the piano with an octave that spans four octaves. The duet is quiet and is formed between the clarinet and piano making the passage peaceful. The main theme soon takes over again there after. Introduced in the adagio section is the cello and the double bass. They are introduced in serene, unison cantabile prior to the rest of the string joining sections. The double bass and cello descend before the joining of the piano in una corda. The piano develops further while using the string theme. A strong fortissimo is played as the climax is reached. Prior to this a descending decrescendo scale is played. The orchestra joins in full after a slight breaking following the same theme but instead a cello is played as the piano is played quickly. This introduces a new passage. The windward section is now playing a new theme as the piano is in the upper register. The passage comes to an end with the piano. Staring the Allegretto vivace is a string quartet. There after the piano resumes, playing the same theme as it further develops. Giving the concerto its unique form, the final stage two movements are reintroduced and combined. The ending of the movement ends the same the same way the first movement began with a piano passage ending in F-minor. During the Allegro marziale animato begins with a descending E-flat scale which plays before the orchestra plays the slow woods instrument section that was played in the previous movement. The brass is used to embellish the melody in this movement. This movement continues to bring all the themes out at different times while combining them all together.Liszts Piano Concerto no. 1 Allegro maestoso-Tempo giusto makes me feel as if Im at a dinner party listening to this song playing. I very much enjoy the part when the piano and the orchestra are played together. The whole song just gives this feeling of excitement at some parts with the cello being played then when the piano and orchestra is playing together I get this sense of being at a real piano concerto. This song is making me feel as if its a real professional song that is being played for entertainment.Liszt fell down the stairs of a hotel on July 2, 1881. It was believed that Liszt was in good health before the accident of his finale accorded. posterior on when he got checked in for his accident, it was shown that Liszt had dropsy, asthma, insomnia, a cataract of the left middle and chronic heart disease (NAME PG). Liszt later died in Germany, on July 31, 1886. He died at a normal age at the age of 74.Felix Mendelssohn to begin with named Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born on February 3, 1847 in Hamburg Germany and was raised by a exceedingly intellect Jewish family. He first began studying the piano after his family had moved to Berlin under Ludwig Berger and then studied composition under Karl F. Zelter. As a child, Felix played the piano and the violin. He showed a great direct of talent as a child provin g that he was a prodigy. Not only did he show that he was musically gifted, but he was also artistic and proved to be gifted in abroad languages. It was believed that Mendelssohn was not just a great composer but also an artist. His giftedness include drawing, watercolors, and oil paining. He also drew humorous sketches and cartoons in the text of his drawings. Music and art go with each other and both are great works of art. Clearly Mendelssohn was a very gifted man. Mendelssohn also had a normal life like most people do. He got married to Cecile Jarnrenaud on March 28, 1937. They had five children together which they named Carl, Marie, Lilli, Felix, and Paul. Mendelssohn traveled crosswise the European content to study music such as Paris where he studied the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach along with his sister fucking who was said to be the one to introduce him to music as a young child. Mendelssohn most defiantly got his ideas for music from some of the greatest composers of the sooner time as stated by Mozart and Bach. Mendelssohn was inspired by the many musical masters, especially Bach. Mendelssohn composed eleven symphonies, five operas, and many other piano pieces. These pieces were only the beginning of his highly talented musical career. At such a young age and at the beginning of his musical career, he managed to impress every audience member and proved his musical talent. His first concert that he preformed in front of a public audience was at the age of nine. At age fifteen in 1924, Mendelssohn wrote his very first full orchestra symphony in C minor, Op. 11. geartrain E-flat major which he wrote at the age of sixteen truly showed the function of his musical talent. His best known early works were, This Octet, and the overture to Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights stargaze Wedding March.Mendelssohns overture to Shakespeares play, A Midsummer Nights Dream is written in sonata form. It is a one movement work with no re peat of the exposition. The work captures the chaotic, magic spirit of any enchanted plant. There is this pull against the world of fantasy and the world of reality. The real are the two pair of human lovers while the deceitful are the fairies. The transformed unreal is the workmans oral sex that is changed to a donkey during the end. This work has a story to it thereof it is program music. The artists thought it was important to integrate purely instrumental music with ideas which is what Mendelssohn clearly did here.Mendelssohn also wanted to create characters through sound. There are five opening measures of this work. The first measure is entirely winds, it draws to the enchanted forest such as setting the story out for the audience. The second measure is the high- pitched figure in the strings. The third measure is the loud theme, it reflects the heavier world of the pair of humans and its ruler (Theseus). The fourth measure is the first theme in the secondary key arena. W hen the human lovers fall in and out of love with each other. The last measure is a loud, braying theme which is associated with Bottom, the head of the donkey. The workmans head is changed into a donkey is when the fifth measure is introduced and finished.Sonata form includes the exposition, development, recapitulation, and the finish. In the exposition, all the opening themes are introduced in the stressed key area. Moves from popping to new key area. This is the first binary section of the sonata form. Then in the development the temeses are being developed from the expositions that they were introduced in. This is when the new key area moves into the unstable key area(s). In the recapitulation the opening theme(s) in the tonic are fall ining. This is when the unstable key area(s) move to tonic again. Then the return of theme(s) are still in the tonic. This is the second binary section. Then coda in Italian means tail, which indicates the movement to a close after the recapit ulation. The coda is the ending where new music usually shows up that has not been heard in the rest of the work so far. Now in this work of a sonata form, the characters are introduced in the exposition. In the development the exposition does not need to be repeated. The scurrying theme heard here is associated with the fairies. In the recapitulation all the main themes are brought back to the tonic. Then the coda is when it ends the work as it began. During the coda the listener can hear long held notes being played by the winds.After Mendelssohns death on November 4, 1847 it was believed that the death of his close sister Fanny six months before Mendelssophns death caused him great distress in his life. In his wake he was mourned both in Germany and England. That just comes to show what a great reputation he had. In England his reputation was very highly looked upon for an extremely long period of time. Mendelssohns popular piano music will always remain popular to his fans espec ially the overture to Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Wedding March.The 19th Century Romantic Period must have created an impact to forthcoming generations. The Romantic Period to date created old technologies for later generations to use. The Romantic Period also made it okay to turn poetry into songs. This era showed that not every song has to be about falling in love and having a happy fairy tail ending. It showed people that it is okay to save up and sing about the dark side of things. Romantic Period made it possible for future generations to express themselves into the songs that the composers write nowadays. The Romantic Period had passion in the music that was performed. This passion carried along to the future generations. Celine Dionne, Taylor Swift, and many more artists put passion into their songs. It is the songs that have passion that the audience enjoys listening to over and over again. heap enjoy going to the concerts, enjoy and wants to buy the CDs, becaus e the people want to hear songs that have passion in them and songs that they can relate to. I honestly believe that the 19th Century Romantic Period had a lot of impact on our generation and will have impact on many more generations to come. Individuals learn and grow from the past. People take old ideas and try to make them new, but they also keep the initial thought of the idea going. The new ideas that are represented have to start from somewhere. It is like adding a new larger step to an idea that was perfect in the past, but just adding a little something more to make that idea even better now in the present.The events and changes of connection have greatly affected music. Such as the attitudes, ideas, inventions, discoveries, and various historical events of society all played a big role in inspiration of 19th century music. During the 19th century, the industrial revolution was in its prime. The industrial revolution had a huge impact on the music of this time period by the implementation of new technology into musical instruments. Some of the innovations included newly redesigned mechanical valves and redesigned key for brass and woodwind instruments that improved sound quality and ease of play. The uprising of the middle class impacted the development of music as well. Prior to the 19th century music era, a vast majority of composers were living on the commercial enterprise of aristocracy. Most of the audiences of the performances were of mostly upper class music savvy individuals and were slight in numbers. Large audience concerts such as festivals and public events were often wrote by composers of the Romantic Era. The audiences of these performances were mainly paying customers and didnt have vast cognition of music that the upper class did. Composers of the Romantic Era did not want music to be segregated among a particular class of society. or else it is stated that the purpose was to write music that was to be heard (Young 1967, 527). Durin g the 19th century, the importance of nationalism became increasingly important and projected into the music and other various arts of the Romantic Era. Nationalism was expressed in the music by implementing native unique elements of native cultures like folk songs and dances. Using elements such as rhythm and melody by composers, the diversification of the musical language was increasing especially during the end of the 19th century. Nationalist music written by composers contained many different elements from various cultures. Music from one country may contain elements from another and incorporate it into one. For example Bedrich Smentana and Antonin Dvorak of Russia used elements and themes from Czech songs and folk dances. Chopin also wrote some of his pieces in such forms as polonaise and mazurka which was originated from polish folk music. It can be said that during this time music became very politically charged in a global scene.

The Sleeping Barber Problem Philosophy Essay

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Bistable Flip-Flop Experiment

Bist suitable change by reversal ExperimentObjectivesTo study the properties and performance of cross-coupled inverting system of system of logical systemal systemal system supply.To set up the supply in order to obtain an experience, in the akin time able to figure the Bistable riffle.These roundabouts have been mostly replaced become a straightforward and powerful design. These designs for applications including large dimension digital circuits. Although these circuits have been changed, they still have main(prenominal) use range, and it is necessary to understand their characteristics. This experiment secern clearly that digital circuits be still be made from analogue parts. It has analogue functions reciprocal to current, electric potentials and time-varying diversification.Materials and EquipmentBuilt-in socket connector bread boardA selection of IC devicesJumper wires and connector leadsDigital multimeter with test probesTheory change by reversalA threadbare Bis table circuit is made by simple combination of NAND gates or NOR gates. Hence, produce the required sequential circuit.Common Sequential system of logic circuitsClock Driven- Synchronized to a clock signal.Event Driven- Asynchronous. Changing state when an external event happens.Pulse Driven- Combination of Synchronous and Asynchronous.SR NAND Flip-FlopThis system assembled of two excitants and two outputs. R and S inputs are representing readjust and throttle. Q and are represent as outputs of the circuit. Firstly, user need to construct the inputs mountain and Reset to a pair of cross coupled 2-input 7400 NAND gates in order to shape into a SR Bistable. Thus, the action of feedback may march on from each output to one of the other inputs.RST Flip-FlopThe device affiliated and synchronized to a clock signal. The outputs are moreover trigger when Set (S), Reset (R), and travel (T) inputs are in logic 1 level. in that location depart we un-trigger when the inputs are in log ic 0 level.NAND gateM74HC00 is a high rate CMOS QUAD 2-input NAND gate. Silicon gate C2 MOS technology is applied.The interior circuit is build up by 3 stages including buffer output, which outhouse prevent high noise and produce stable output.Task railleryInvestigation of a Bistable Flip-FlopTheoretical DetailsThe consequential circuit has two stable situations, when the direct feedback cross-coupling is implemented among inverting NAND logic gates. Bistable is any of which washbasin be choose by submission of the correct input situation.R and S inputs are representing Reset and Set. Q and are represent as outputs of the circuit. At standard running, both(prenominal) NAND inputs must normally be logic 1 level. The logic level of the Q and outputs result become relative.To stabilizing the two manageable states, changing the R input temporarily to logic 0 level, that will create a output with logic 1 level. In the same time, the output output with logic 1 level will be applie d to the S input (2nd input), which is logic 1 level. Thus, the Q output will temporarily become a logic 0 level.While both R and S inputs become logic 0 level at the same period, it is forbidden. In this state, both Q and outputs will become logic 1 level. Hence, that will override the load-back motion. The final state of the latch will non be resolved in front of time.One practical bad of the RS Flip-Flop effects from the data that the outputs thunder mug change state when either or both of the logic level of inputs is change. Operation is non-simultaneous.Modifying the Bistable Flip-Flop Creating an RST Flip-FlopTheoretical DetailsIt is similar in the RS NAND Flip-Flop operation. The R and S inputs are at logic 1 level. The third input ( evocation) has been added. The Q and outputs can only change states while the Trigger input is at logic 1 level. If logic level of Trigger input is 0, the R and S inputs are no effect for the outputs.In a valid operation, the R or S inputs mus t be logic 1 level, and the Trigger input must be logic 1 level and so logic 0 level. In the end, the selected input must be returned to logic 0 level.Investigation of a NAND gateTheoretical DetailsThe NAND gate is a digital gate, obtains potential differences and currents at its inputs. While connect to the variable voltage supply, these may involve any value in a very circuit. For instance, since during an input changes, the output voltages may takes a non-zero time for the change to occur, so the voltages will non be accurately come up to 5V or 0V all the time.ObjectiveTo concern the transforms and voltage levels of the output of the NAND gate to the states of the inputs. procedureCircuit shown in Figure 2.7 is constructed and an external variable voltage from a power supply is used. Any value from 1k? to 10k? can be interpreted by R1.A fixed digital voltage (0 or 5 volts) is applied to one terminal of a NAND gate. A variable voltage is applied to another terminal.Firstly, th e input voltage Vin is varied up to a maximum of +5V and Vin against Vout is plotted. Thus, the logic 1 output voltage (V1) and the logic 0 input voltage (Vgo) are determined.The output unchanging for wide ranges of input voltage is noted.To found the overall behavior, the rough initial experiment is did. more reading is taken.ConclusionAll of the objectives are achieved. In this experiment we understand the theory of Bistable Flip-Flop, Standard SR NAND Flip-Flop and RST Flip-Flop. All of the properties and performance of cross-coupled inverting logic gates have been studied. Experience is obtained during the construction of the gates.In conclusion, at standard running of SR NAND Flip-Flop, both NAND inputs must normally be logic 1 level. Thus, the logic level of the Q and outputs will become relative.While both R and S inputs become logic 0 level at the same period, it is forbidden. In this state, both Q and outputs will become logic 1 level. Hence, that will override the load-bac k motion. The final state of the latch will not be resolved in front of time.For the operation of RST Flip-Flop, the Q and outputs can only change states while the Trigger input is at logic 1 level. If logic level of Trigger input is 0, the R and S inputs are no effect for the outputs. Hence, to obtain a valid operation the R or S inputs must be logic 1 level, and the Trigger input must be logic 1 level and past logic 0 level. In the end, the selected input must be returned to logic 0 level.Referenceshttp//www.play-hookey.com/digital/rs_nand_latch.htmlhttp//www.play-hookey.com/digital/clocked_rs_latch.htmlhttp//us.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/1879.pdfhttp//www.electronics-tutorials.ws/sequential/seq_1.html

Psychological Theories in Business and Organisations

Psychological Theories in Business and Organisations leaders and the Multiplier Effect at that place is bullnecked evidence that leader bearing is related to employee happiness. For example, charismatic leadership is strongly related to subordinate rail course line satisfaction (DeGroot et al. 2000), and leader-member relationships is also strongly related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Gerstner and Day 1997). Likewise, trust in the leader is a strong predictor of satisfaction and commitment (Dirks and Ferrin 2002) as is the appropriate level of indecorum displayed by leaders (Baard et al. 2004). harmonise to interrogation by Sy et al (2005) despotic managers be much accurate and c beful in decision make as well as being more person twainy trenchant and imbuing those around them with greater positivity too. Crucially, Kopelman et al (2006) suggest the verifying leaders give upward emotional spirals which help colleagues cope better with change.Thus , if there was unity thing an organization could do to foster employment it would be to have well-heeled leaders. Stated in the opposite itinerary, the horizontal surface seems more stark if it is the leaders who argon disengaged then the organization is very tall(a) to expound.Flourishing the artificial lakeIn its unsubdividedst form, affirmatory psychology is ab off accruing a body of knowledge that is useful to the great unwashed who want to live a good, happy and long life. Reflecting on the entirety of this study, it could be express that positive psychology comprises much more than positive idea but that it perchance starts with positive prizeing.Further, just as an individuals personal companionship of being at their best reveals their potential, so the study of thrive in an organisation reveals the highest potential of the whole organisation. Cameron et al (2003) suggest that excellence forever exists, pull down in the most dysfunctional organisations. The secret lies in tapping into the source the positive core, the pile resulting in higher levels of meshing, motivation and productivity.This opens up a deeper line of enquiry how does the organisation tap into this positive core? The contention betwixt the sources of eudemonia and hedonism is, arguably, unnecessary. The seek literature is rife with examples of where the two entwine. Indeed, pairing enjoyable emotions in the here and now (hedonic) with adaptive activities that volition sustain early happiness (eudemonic) is evolutions way of ensuring that humans engage in the behaviours necessary for our survival (deWall, 1996). Perhaps therefore, the distinction between the two should be about their roots.Flourishing at gain is an umbrella design that includes a large number of constructs ranging from transient moods and emotions at the person level to substance attitudes at the unit level. In the stimulateplace, happiness is influenced by both passing events and co nditions inherent in the task, job and organization. It is further complicated by influences at individual level such as personality and the fit between what the job/organization provides and the individuals expectations, needs and preferences. Understanding these contributors to happiness, together with recent research on volitional actions to improve happiness, offer just about potential levers for up(p) happiness at bet.Flourishing People Create Flourishing OrganisationsMasten (2001) describes thriving as ordinary magic, suggesting that it is available to everyvirtuoso. It is important to none that the benefits of nip good are not because such feelings allow individuals to play down, displace of distort negative information. kinda positive affect leads pot to be able to consider many aspects of a situation simultaneously, make evaluations and make behaviours responsive to the situation. Gaffney (2011) suggests there are four elements of flourishing challenge, connectivi ty, autonomy and employ iodines valued competencies. Further, Gaffney suggests these core components are enhanced by what is termed a mental life, an alignment of an individuals thinking and feeling that are on the same wavelength. Gaffneys halt in time is that it is scant(p) to explain goals, purpose and values in a cognitive way. In many organisations, values posters adorn the walls. In my role as a trainer, I have had rather too many discussions with exasperated managers, paraphrased along the lines of They the employees dont get it They are not living by the values on the posters And herein lies the delegate to function at ones best one needs to feel a inter-group communication and however positive the organisational environment, however interesting the work and however transformational the leadership style, these will merely increase the odds of engagement. True and long unyielding engagement has an internal source which lies within an array of attitudinal prime(preno minal)s and mental constructs created by the individual.It is hoped that most staff will have experienced feelings of engagement. For some staff, these feelings fig out circumstantially they are effectively waiting for the right conditions in which to engage. The flourishing employees are less inclined to wait. Instead, they tap into a set of lettered strategies which allow them to take personal responsibility for feeling good. Further, these within person strategies, when written down, appear to be undecomposable and straight-forward. One suspects that the biggest single instrument highlighted by this study, that of consciously and deliberately choosing to be positive, stands out as green sense. However this research has uncovered that such strategies are by no dream ups common practice. It may be that one can experience psychologically disconnected from ones best self. The busyness docket and impediments of modern life (discussed in chapter 1) have resulted in a thermola bile approach to life rather than an introspective (inside-out) approach that is contributing(prenominal) to flourishing. serious as the key to individual flourishing is to understand and put causa into function at our best, so it is with organisations. The traditional organisational focus has been on shortage management, eliminating weaknesses and solving problems. This is important, but flourishing organisations must go further and, agree to Cameron (2013), they must focus on what is positively deviant, i.e., what is peachy, what is already working and what is world class. In line with Cooperriders (2005) work on Appreciative Inquiry, this provides a dramatic shift of focus.The Cult of HappinessWhat but is organisational burnish? Cameron (2013) suggests it refers to taken for granted values, expectations, collective memories and implicit meanings that define an organisations core identity and behaviour. Thus, culture reflects the prevailing ideology that people carry inside their heads. It provides unwritten and usually unspoken guidelines for what is acceptable and what is not. The wider point of creating an organisational culture conducive to flourishing is that an organisation cannot force an employee to be engaged. Thus, by implication, the suggestion is that the organisation alone cannot create a culture of engagement because engagement is partly an internal concept. Therefore if push motives such as forcing are out, it may be that pull motives such as allowing or encouraging are in.Being religious is associated with elevated happiness. In a survey of 163,000 people in 14 European countries, 84% of church goers rated as very satisfied with life compared with 77% of non-church goers (Inglehart, 1990). The suggestion is that righteousness provides a framework of meaning as well as a collective identity and a reliable social network for people with like-minded views and values. Thus, ultimately, it is the strong social connections that provide hap piness in a religious context. The result is the rather berthful effect whereby individuals give up their weekends to attend their place of workshop, for free. While religion was not born out as a major factor in happiness in this study, there exists a wider analogy. It may be that the challenge for organisational designers is to create a similar cohesiveness, akin to a spiritual home where, instead of religion, employees are bonded by a common purpose and/or pervading sense of wherefore? The organisation creates a sense of community of interests where high quality connections are the norm and where individual employees are playing to their strengths. In short, the challenge is to create a culture in which employees want to be part of something worthy and where engagement is not forced, but rather, it flows. Continuing the religious metaphor, it may be that this sense of higher purpose and internal buy-in is, indeed, a more instruct way to create flourishing organisations.Neurop lasticityThe relatively stable basic affectional state of happiness refers to the momentary level of happiness that an individual typically experiences the individuals set point (Williams Thompson, 1993). The implication is that this component ensures that dissimilar individuals may experience various levels of happiness when all other factors are held constant. Although all individuals can experience a range of emotions at different intensities, there is a tendency for these to return to their idiosyncratic set point (Diener et al., 2006).Diener et al (2006) argue that ones happiness set point is determined by the individuals sense of identity which is in turn determined by their psychology. In short, most people think like the person they perceive themselves to be (e.g., victims get stuck in lettered helplessness, winners have a winning mentality, confident people turn out confidently, etc.) The question therefore arises, is it possible to change ones mental habits and/or o nes sense of personal identity? The concept of neuro-plasticity (Goleman, et al, 2003) suggests the brain is always larn. Siegel (2007) states that Where attention goes, neurons fire. And where neurons fire, they can re-wire (p. 291). This capacity for the brain to be reconfigured opens up the possibility for genuine and permanent personal changeIf ones brain has an element of neuroplasticity it may be that the set point is nothing more than a familiar point. It raises the possibility that with some mental dexterity and a little effort, one may be able to alter ones normal or familiar level of happiness. In terms of this study, the NonH+ mean happiness is 6.77 (sd = 1.41, std error mean = 0.07) and the H+ mean is 8.29 (sd = 0.51, std error mean = 0.75). Thus, inquiring into the mental strategies of the H+ group and applying them to the NonH+ group could conceivably result in an increase in the set point of 22.5%. As argued in earlier chapters, the knock-on behavioural effectuate o f such an increase would achieve significant seam results.BeliefsThis comment, taken from an H+ respondent, provides a succinct account of the main findings of the difference between the H+ and NonH+ respondents I see the world differently to them. (male, organisation W)Thus if ingenuousness depends, at least in part, on how one views it, it becomes less of a surprise that external circumstances account for only 10% of extreme happiness (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon Schade 2005). Indeed, Lyubormirsky (2007) prefers the phrase creation or construction of happiness to the more popular pursuit of happiness since research shows that its in our power to fashion it for ourselves. (p. 15)Further, if reality is linked to mind-set and self-identity, then Dwecks (2006) work on fixed and growth mind-sets becomes more salient. Dweck purports that those of fixed mind-set recall their capabilities are already set whereas a growth mind-set is conducive to self-improvement through effort. Dweck sugge sts that a growth mind-set is not dismissive of innate abilities, recognising that although people may differ in every which way in their initial talents and aptitudes, interests or temperaments everyone can change and grow through application and experience (p. 12). Further, Dweck purports that those with fixed mind-sets often miss opportunities for improvement and systematically underperform while those with a growth mind-set watch their abilities unravel ever upward.Cultivating Organisational Games-MakersOrganisational culture is one of the most important predictors of high levels of effect over time (Cameron et al, 2011) and for culture one should read people. Organisations that flourish have developed a culture of abundance (Cameron 2013) which builds the collective capabilities of all members. It is characterized by the presence of numerous positive energisers throughout the system, including embedded staring(a) practices, adaptive learning, meaningfulness, profound pur pose, engaged members and positive leadership. Various studies point to abundance culture and organisational success (Cameron, Mora, Leutscher Calaro 2011 Cameron Plews 2012)Achor (2013) uses the term franchising success identify something that is simple and easygoing to copy. Achor uses the example of the 10/5 principle, supplanted from the Ritz-Carlton hotel chain to an American hospital. This simple notion of rejoiced at anyone who comes within 10 feet and make middle contact and giving a positive greeting to anyone within 5 feet is cited as an example of franchising success. And while sceptics might point to the 10/5 principle is cosmetic, false or, indeed, overly American in tone, Achor reports a different reality. When the behaviour becomes contagious it changes the reality and the feeling of the hospital. Achor reports that staff were smiling and this was franchised to patients and visitors. Crucially, this new behaviour became normalised, embedded in the hospitals cult ure.It is demanding to find British examples. Although not examined academically, anecdotal evidence exists within the capital of the United Kingdom 2012 Olympic games-makers. Volunteering to give up their own time, with a clear mint to make London 2012 the best ever games, they are perhaps the outstanding British example of franchising positive affect.Positive Psychology The right scholarship for the wrong resolves?Reflecting on 5 years of study and taking the learning in the round, it is difficult not to have a nagging surmise about the upsurge of interest in the science of positive psychology. The business imperative is strong and this may be the source of my doubt. It could be that positive psychology is the right philosophy but for the wrong reasons. Organisational behaviourists are development the science of happiness and well-being to create workplaces that are engaging and fun, where people can experience a sense of meaning and value. The underlying public sector mant ra that lies behind the science is that by creating these conditions, employees will therefore work harder. In austere times, maintaining levels of service with fewer staff is the cost-efficient Utopia of clinch more from less. And while this makes perfect sense at one level, treating people well because it is good for the bottom line is, perhaps, the wrong reason for treating them well.In the recommendations, I spoke of a more enlightened way of conducting organisational behaviour. Enlightened organisations may be the ones who take a leap of faith and conspire to treat employees well because that is absolutely the right thing to do.This research points to happiness being a conflux of genetics, circumstances and internal strategies. According to Lyubormirsky (2007), the circumstances element of the happiness pie is a rather insignificant 10%. Therefore, tweaking the structure, altering the appraisal system, or providing gym membership and a dress-down Friday, are all having a tiny effect on individual happiness. a good deal more salient are the mental habits that employees choose (or do not choose) to bring to work. This points to organisational culture spreading in a more viral way, because happiness and its contagion is about sustaining new thinking and behaviours, rather than processes.Rather than command and control, this is more about influencing people to want to change. Statistical epitome suggests the data for this study is reliable. Thus, I can confidently state that a sense of personal choice stands as a central article of belief of flourishing. The organisation may well engender this sense of personal choice if it is seen to be doing things for the right reasons. Therefore, the focus naturally shifts towards meaning. The H+ community feels a very strong sense of meaning and purpose which is reflected in flourishing behaviours. The hyper-dyadic nature of affective contagion means that other employees will catch the new feelings and behaviours. Th is points towards a paradigm shift away from culture change being a top down or even a bottom up process, towards an inside-out phenomenon.Trying TimesThere is a dichotomy at the heart of positive psychology. The science is both supremely complex and effortlessly simple. The pig iron quotation that annunciate the start of this chapter seems somewhat disingenuous towards the pig-iron prole. It is perfectly possible to couch the vanquish in such academic terms so as to dawdle the average worker. Yet, at its heart, the constituent parts of happiness remain simple enough for everyone to understand. The concept of consciously choosing a positive attitude and making an effort to do so seem simple enough. It may be the lack of cognisance that a choice is available or the sequent effort involved in sustaining an H+ attitude that is more problematic.It may well be that some occupations are inherently more businesslike and carry greater meaning. However, this report suggests that if the aforementioned pig iron worker chooses to be positive and engages in positive mental strategies, if s/he can find meaning in their work and have gainsay tasks, stretching personal goals and, moreover, if handling pig iron plays to their strengths, then engagement is more likely.In terms of context, this research project was almost sour on the grounds of right research, wrong time. The head of organisation B1, who turned out to be a strong champion of this research, stated somewhat sardonically, in a meeting prior to phase 1 This is an interesting time to be measuring motivation. Her point was that the challenges of the 2008 banking crisis and the subsequent knock-on personal effects of austerity would make happiness and engagement more challenging than ever. design in mind the finding that H+ employees deploy more strategies and work those strategies harder it could be that conducting this research in such challenging circumstances was just now the right time.It could be that i n trying times the key to flourishing is to try even harder.

Music Analysis of Hakuna Matata Essays -- essays research papers

The end of a semester is the most stressful time for students because of those fear finals. Anyone who lived through the 1990s should know the claim a young social lion and his pals sang after meeting for the first time. However, as the years slide down by, society forgets the simple pleasures of youth and the two words that can perk up altogether troubles go away. Hakuna Matata was a song written by Tim strain with music by Elton John. This song is also a story round a warthog before he discovered this amazing expression. However, the biggest part of the song is about being carefree and forgetting any troubles that may arise. As finals approach, a student needs to revisit their childhood past and recall the extraordinary phrase Timon - Hakuna Matata What a wonderful phrase Pumbaa - Hakuna Matata Aint no passin craze Timon - It means no worries for the rest of your days Both - Its our problem-free philosophy Timon - Hakuna Matata (The Lion King).A simple phrase, an d it means so much. It is all explained in five lines. Hakuna Matata is the Swahili expression for There are...

Chinua Achebes Arrow of God Essay -- Chinua Achebe Arrow of God

Chinua Achebes pointer of beau idealChinua Achebes Arrow of God is set in the 1920s, before secularism became dominant. It begins with the image of a masquerade costume, when he tells his son non to carve the mask of a matinee idol for the white man. The mask is a symbol of change. The whole world is changing, and the people who do not change will not survive. The old non-Christian priest, Ezeulu, desires change, but he cannot do it. He cannot force himself to leave the old ways behind and assume the new ways. Thus, he sends one of his sons to learn from the white man. He cannot do it himself.This novel shows the life and death of an Igbo priest in a engagement between traditional tribal religion and missionary Christianity. The ways in which this confrontation is played out also repeat. A Christian church building is set up in a traditional village. The Christians have ii attitudes regarding traditional religion. John Goodcountrys enthusiasm inspires Oduche, the C hristian son of Chief priest Ezeulu, to capture the sacred python. Goodcountry is opposed by Moses Unachukwu, who may be bluff to both cultures out of pragmatic motives, since he appreciates the religious and economic bureau of the white man, and he hopes to profit from that power. Ezeulu has mixed feelings. He sends Oduche to the missionaries in outrank to gain access to their wisdom, but he fears the aggressiveness of the new religion. However, his loyalty to his god, Ulu, is unquestionable, as is seen in his participation in the peeled Yam festival. Ezeulu, the briny character of the novel, is sincere when he refuses to obey Winterbottoms summons to Okperi because such air does not befit his sacred role. Ezeulu stands up for what he believes is right, as his god reveals it to him, evening when there is no profit in it for himself. He even loses much by saying the truth. Thus, he is like a saint.Ezeulu has a negative side too. He wonders if he is merely the tool of Ulu. Does he have any personal power, himself? Could he refuse to authorize the New Yam Harvest Festival? At the other extreme, he has ruffianly dreams about being dishonored together with his god. As the story proceeds, Ezeulu feels more than and more alienated from his community. They do not support him, and they do not even admit that he was right when they get bad do from their headstrong actions. They go against Ezeulus advice, and liaisons go bad... ...orld of change, the old priest is not flexible enough to adapt, so he is swept aside. The story of the old priest is actually the story of all his people in all the cardinal villages. They forget their religion, and they accept the religion of their conquerors. Ezeulu forgets first, and then the people forget. The people created the god Ulu when they united the six villages to form Umuaro. Ezeulu wrestles with the people on behalf of the god Ulu, since he forgets that Ulu was made to serve the people. They w ere not made to serve Ulu. The priest fails to ascertain his relationship to the god and the community. He is supposed to serve the community, but he is trying to force them to serve his god. This is the source of his downfall.When Ezeulu is released from prison, it is raining, and he feels like it is better and restoring him. But his pride will make him do the wrong thing again. He has suffered, and now he wants revenge, but he will simply destroy himself and those he loves. He sees that others suffer because of their own actions, but he does not take responsibility for his own suffering. He just goes insane.BibliographyArrow of God, by Chinua Achebe

Malaria Essay -- essays research papers fc

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the to the highest degree pathogenic and most common disorders in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a leech that is carried by a veritable species of mosquito called the genus Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than both other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five carbon million adults and children (around nine percent of the worlds population) read the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children be more open to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the worlds cases put across and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. great(predicate) women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are intravenous feeding tim es as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it. The most common sites of malaria-carrying mosquitoes is in tropical and subtropical areas with warm climates. Also, there must be a source of water, such as a lake, ocean, or stream, because this is where the mosquitoes breed. composition Africa is the site of most malaria cases, there are a a few(prenominal) other countries that account for some of the malaria cases. In fact, in 1990, seventy-five percent of all recorded malaria cases outside Africa were condensed in nine countries, which were India, Brazil, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and China. There was erstwhile a small malaria epidemic in the United States. It occurred mainly in Army families. This was because U.S. troops in other countries were not on the worthy medication, contracted the disease, and brought it back to the United States. Malaria in humans is caused by quaternity species of protozoa, sophistic ated one-celled organisms, that can infect red blood cells. These four species are called Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. The worst cases are caused by the Plasmodium falciparum species, which is also the species with the most resistance to drugs. To contract malaria, a mosquito, but not just any mosquito must bite a human. The only type of mosquito that can infect humans with the malaria virus is the Anopheles mosquito. While there are... ...cceptable consequence to keeping hundreds of human lives.Currently, there are a few different research projects dealing with malaria. For example, Dr. D. Lalloo is working on a project investing the effects of malaria in adolescents. professor D. H. Molyneux is doing a research project on the effects of malaria on the HIV virus. Professor M. E. Molyneux is working on a project looking at diseases committed with malaria. There are also many other research projects probe other aspects of mala ria, such as a vaccine for this deadly disease.While malaria is a curable disease if noticed early enough, there are still hundreds and hundreds of deaths due to malaria every year. This is because not everyone has access to the medicines that can be used to prevent this awful disease. In the last couple of years, a lot of progress has been made in developing a reanimate or vaccine for malaria. Hopefully, one will be developed at heart the next few years.Works CitedWorld Book Millenium 2000, pages 95-96The New screw Medical and Health Encyclopedia Volume Two, pages 591-593Encyclopedia of Family Health, pages 993-996www.malaria.orgwww.cdc.govwww-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Malaria.html

Kant: Goodness :: essays research papers

Kant GoodnessThe philosopher I used is Immanuel Kant. He was very practical in histhinking of rock-steadyness. A quote of his was "I ought, therefore I shag". His viewwas good anything is under good leave alone . He believed good depart was the specialgoodness, good in its purest form, and that it couldnt be bollix uped. Goodfeelings and good intentions and actions can be interpreted in different waysman can corrupt these things into shabbiness...even though it still might be good inthat mans eyes. What hes authentically trying to say is that good will is good inits documental form. Therefore, it defines goodness. A few examples of forms ofgoodness that could be corrupt are intelligence, courage, and resolution.These things can be very good, but can be used for evil as intimately.The short story I would like to allude to in order to connect thesethemes and ideas is "A Good Man is Hard to recall". The title even has "good" init...and according to Ka nt, goodness in its purest form is good will. Thequestion now would be, does the Misfit have good will? Is what he is doing good,objectively, and purely? He is purging and purifying the world. He is delivery boylike in many senses. He is purifying the world by purging it of itsevil...relating to the Old Testament. God decided that the human race was tooevil to survive, so he flooded it. God killed, as well as the Misfit. Thisisnt the same as Christ, though it average adds to the religious element.Christs electric charge was to try and rid the world of evil, and sacrificed for it.The Misfit sacrificed his freedom initially, was "reborn" again by escapingfrom jail, and become a Christ like figure again...hes now reborn, and hisdelegation has an even stronger exclamation point on it, just like Christs afterwardshe was resurrected. The literal differences are obvious Christ never heldanyone at gunpoint, let alone kill old ladies (no matter HOW hateful). But theallusions pr eceding(prenominal) illustrate that the Misfit was indeed a Christ-like figure withgood intentions good will . The Misfit was in a world of evil where he feltit was his mission, as well as his intention and his will, to be the savior ofthe good people.When it genuinely comes to good will, I believe that the Misfit did havegood will and that, in a world such as his, the South, he was not just playingGod, but his will was forcing him to be God to judge the "infidels".

Women and Mathematics Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Wo hands and Mathematics Call me a bigot if you destiny but men atomic number 18 better mathematicians than women. Year after year, men score higher on the SATs, much men fulfil prestigious educations from the best technical schools in the nation, and men obtain more degrees, secure more jobs and get promoted more often. The ETS report on students winning the SAT examinations indicates that males have traditionally scored 40-50 points higher on the mathematics contribution (Women) In 1996, California Institute of Technologys enrollment was 75% male, Massachusetts Institute of Technologys enrollment was 62% male, Renssalear polytechnic institute Institutes enrollment was 77% male, Rochester Institute of Technologys enrollment was is 68% male, and Worchester Institute of Technologys enrollment was 79% male (Barons). The future for women who enter the work place as mathematicians is no more encouraging. Roughly three times as m any women be unemployed and six times as many women are in part time positions. The female mathematicians who acquire these full time jobs are less likely than men to be promoted to a position much(prenominal) as full or associate professor (awm-math.org). Females lack of conquest as mathematicians has nonhing to do with their mathematical potential. The reason females do not excel in mathematical fields can be explained by high school course selection, social pressures and support and not by genetic differences. Psychologists have studied the impact of environment on forgiving development for years. Most would agree that environment does shape us and trick a role in some way or another. It is no wonder that mathematics has the tendency to turn women off. The world has ... ...cs. In the years, the acres has started to realize the injustice it has been doing females in the field of mathematics. I believe that in the future these biases and disadvantages wi ll be a thing of the past. Females have the amiable capability to perform on an equal level with all reckon and distinguished male mathematicians, but first social pressures and stereotypes must be eliminated. Works Cited1 Association for Women in Mathematics. Education and Career. http//www.awm-math.org/. 2 Chipman, Susan F. Women and Mathematics Balancing the Equation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 19853 Custard, Edward T. The Princeton palingenesis Student Advantage Guide to the Best 301 Colleges. Random House, Inc. New York, 19964 Nolan, Deborah. Women in Mathematics Scaling the Heights. The Mathematical Association of America, 1997

William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- William Shakespeare macbeth lad

William Shakespeares Macbeth During the Elizabethan era, the great chain of being reigned. Women were lowly on this chain of great power, and men were on top. In fact, women were below horses you couldnt operate with reveal a good horse, but, you could live without a wife. skirt Macbeth was a womanhood before her time, she was caught among being todays ambitious, sinewy innovative woman and a fragile creature of the Elizabethan era. In the prototypic four acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is vicious, overly ambitious, without conscience, and willing to do any(prenominal) it takes to micturate what she wants. In this case, she wants to establish Queen of Scotland. Whiles I stood rapt in the/ admiration of it, came missives from the king, who all-/ hailed me, Thane of Cawdor by which title, before,/ these weird sisters saluted me, and referred me to the/ coming on of time, with Hail, King that shalt be/ This lease I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest/ collaborationist o f splendor that thou mightest not lose the/ dues of rejoicing, by being bestial of what vastness/ is promised thee. (I v, 5-13).Because Lady Macbeth is a woman, she does not fork out the strength in her effeminate frame, either in heart, body nor mind to carry out the achievement of killing the King. Therefore, she calls upon the aid of the supernatural to give her male powers, so that she whitethorn have the gall to go through with the plan to get through the King, and will Macbeth to obtain the throne. The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan/ under(a) my battlements. watch, you animate/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,/ And fill me, from the height to the toe, top-full/ Of direst rigorousness Make blockheaded my blood,/ Stop up the access and passing play to remorse,/ That no compunctious visitings of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace amongst/ The strength and it Come to my womans breasts,/ And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,/ wherever in your sightless substances/ You wait on naturess mischief Come thick night,/ and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,/ That my keen knife assure not the wound it makes,/ Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,/ To outcry Hold, defend (I v, 41-57)Man a human male, or human kind. Women have unceasingly been considered as the gentler and fair sex. Lady Macbeth feels that to commit this crime, she must become as cruel as she believes men are. Sh... ...and womanly nature had been worked up to a concentration and high tension which could not endure for long. (Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths). Lady Macbeth is a powerful character who goes from a rise to power to a fall of mental illness brought on by guilt. She was caught between devil time periods, that of the Elizabethan era and modern day.Works CitedHarbrace Shakespeare. Macbeth. Ed. Margaret Kortes. Harcourt match Canada, 1988.William Shakespeare Criticism- Fr eud on the Macbeths (from Some Character-Types Met With in Psycho-Analytical Work 1916). <a href=http//sunflower.singnet.com.sg/yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htm>http//sunflower.singnet.com.sg/yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htmLady Macbeth- Character Changes passim the licentiousness PlanetPapers.com. <a href=http//www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790>http//www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790The Rise and Fall of Lady Macbeth <a href=http//www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htm>http//www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htmMacbeth SparkNotes Online select Guides <a href=http//www.sparknotes.com>http//www.sparknotes.com William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- William Shakespeare macbeth ladWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth During the Elizabethan era, the great chain of being reigned. Women were low on this chain of power, and men were on top. In fact, women were below horses you couldnt live without a good hors e, but, you could live without a wife. Lady Macbeth was a woman before her time, she was caught between being todays ambitious, powerful modern woman and a fragile creature of the Elizabethan era. In the first four acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is vicious, overly ambitious, without conscience, and willing to do whatever it takes to get what she wants. In this case, she wants to become Queen of Scotland. Whiles I stood rapt in the/ wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-/ hailed me, Thane of Cawdor by which title, before,/ these weird sisters saluted me, and referred me to the/ coming on of time, with Hail, King that shalt be/ This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest/ partner of greatness that thou mightest not lose the/ dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of what greatness/ is promised thee. (I v, 5-13).Because Lady Macbeth is a woman, she does not have the strength in her female frame, either in heart, body nor mind to carry out the deed of killing the Kin g. Therefore, she calls upon the aid of the supernatural to give her male powers, so that she may have the gall to go through with the plan to murder the King, and allow Macbeth to obtain the throne. The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan/ Under my battlements. Come, you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,/ And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ Of direst cruelty Make thick my blood,/ Stop up the access and passage to remorse,/ That no compunctious visitings of nature/ Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between/ The effect and it Come to my womans breasts,/ And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,/ Wherever in your sightless substances/ You wait on naturess mischief Come thick night,/ and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,/ That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,/ Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,/ To cry Hold, hold (I v, 41-57)Man a human male, or human kind. Women have always been considered as the gentler and fair sex. Lady Macbeth feels that to commit this crime, she must become as cruel as she believes men are. Sh... ...and womanly nature had been worked up to a concentration and high tension which could not endure for long. (Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths). Lady Macbeth is a powerful character who goes from a rise to power to a fall of mental illness brought on by guilt. She was caught between two time periods, that of the Elizabethan era and modern day.Works CitedHarbrace Shakespeare. Macbeth. Ed. Margaret Kortes. Harcourt Brace Canada, 1988.William Shakespeare Criticism- Freud on the Macbeths (from Some Character-Types Met With in Psycho-Analytical Work 1916). <a href=http//sunflower.singnet.com.sg/yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htm>http//sunflower.singnet.com.sg/yisheng/notes/shakespere/mbeth_f.htmLady Macbeth- Character Changes Throughout the Play PlanetPapers.com. <a href=http//www.plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790>http//www. plantpapers.com/count.cgi?ID=1790The Rise and Fall of Lady Macbeth <a href=http//www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htm>http//www.aurora.komux.norrkoping.se/oxford/litera/tim/links.htmMacbeth SparkNotes Online Study Guides <a href=http//www.sparknotes.com>http//www.sparknotes.com

Henri Matisse Essay -- Art Artisit

Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was innate(p) December 31st, 1869 to two storeowners, Emile and Heloise Matisse. His father wanted him to be a policeyer, so later on in life he could takeover the family business. They send him to Henri Martin Grammar School where he examine to be a lawyer. There was a hint of artist in Henri because while working as a lawyers assistant he took up a rough drawing course (Essers 7). It was for curtain stilbestrolign but it seemed to be destiny for a lawyers assistant to take up such a distant hobby as drawing. At the age of 21, his intestinal subroutine led to appendicitis. Henri was on bed rest for most of 1890 and to help him shack his time, his mother bought him a set of paints. That was the turning point in Henris life. He decided to give up his career in law for a career in art. Matisse himself said, It was as if I had been called. Henceforth I did not lead my life. It led me (Getlein 80). Soon after, Henri began to take classes at the Academie J ulian to prepare himself for the ingress examination at the Ecole des Beaux- fine arts (Essers 7). Henri failed his first attempt, trail to his departure from the Academie. He then enrolled at the Ecole des artistic creations decoratifs and that is where his association with Albert Marquet began. They started working alongside of Gustave Moreau, a distinguished teacher at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, even though they had not been accepted (Essers 12). In 1895, Henri finally passed the Beaux-Arts entrance examination and his pathway to his new career choice had officially begun. Henri studied under Moreau at the Beaux-Arts. Moreau obviously impressed with his student, told him, You were born to simplify flick (Getlein 80). It was at the Beaux-Arts where he met another Moreau student named Derain. Matisse and Derain would grow to become friends and coming(prenominal) trendsetters. During a visit to Brittany, Matisse discovered Impressionism (Essers 8). The works of Cezanne and Van Gog h influenced him. When he begeted, he exhibited his first painting, Dinner Table, in 1897. This was his first painting of impressionist style. Matisses art began to concentrate on landscapes, still life, and domestic interiors. lifelessness life is a theme Henri would follow for the rest of his career. Henri tried to return to the Beaux-Arts after the release of Dinner T... ...g, but not what he meant. Was it hypothetical to be taken as seen or is their hidden meaning coffin nail the scenes? The iconography of the picture could represent art in the view of the fauvists. Fauvists wanted to be free from tradition and natural colors. They wanted to be free to look for their world of colors as they saw fit. Fauvists and expressionists did not like to be held to strict rules when it came to painting. It could be that Le Bonheur de Vivre was a state in which they where laborious to reach, but in reality could get never get there. On the other hand, could it be a place where they co uld only reach in their dreams? Critics pee-pee struggled with the interpretation of Matisses painting since the first display. That may have been Matisses meaning after all. BibliographyEssers, Volkmar. Henri Matisse, 1869-1954 Master of Colour. Taschen Koln, 1987.Flam, Jack. Matisse The Dance. National Gallery of Art Washington D.C., 1993.Flam, Jack. Matisse The Man and His Art, 1869-1918. Cornell University Press Ithaca, 1986.Getlein, Mark. Gilberts Living With Art Sixth Ed. McGraw Hill New York, 2002.

Change in Perspective :: Personal Narrative Abercrombie Papers

multifariousness in PerspectiveSaturday morning, time to blow by means of Fridays paycheck at the m solely.After entering through the massive starter doors into Summerset Plaza, I am overwhelmed with the vapourish size and exquisite detail of the structure.Marble covers the walls and flooring while the ceiling is draped in a network of geometric arcs that support the giant pieces of nut creating a gigantic skylight.Walking further towards my favorite store, I pass through the center of the mall where lies an elegant marble fountain with perfect symmetricalness pouring water off in all directions.From here all three main backstages and the three stories on each(prenominal) wing are visible.There are more stores than I would ever want to enter, weft up every inch the mall has to offer.Now, still walking and at bottom one hundred feet from my destination I whoremonger begin to render the music radiating from within, over powering the malls choice of songs.Getting closer to t he store I can now see the blue awnings over each window and the words Abercrombie & Fitch that rest just above the oak boarded glass doors.Before entering the store I sign up time to examine the newest styles that grace the mannequins in the windows.From here I can easily hear each lyric of the song that echoes out the store, I am intimidated.After giving myself an radical of what there is to buy I proceed into Abercrombie. Now inside and solely intimidated by my surroundings, I do my best to get what I want and get out.Unfortunately that is not as easy as I had planned.The music is disorienting, coming very loudly from all angles, and I overhear not the slightest clue as to who is behind me or what he or she is saying.Then I begin to realize how bright the environment is, and I can actually feel the heat of the bulbs on the back of my neck.Feeling completely ill at ease(predicate) and out of place, I take a look around to prize how others are acting in the same situation.P eering around, I see to begin with all teenagers who look identically like the mannequins on the tables.Every guy is tall, handsome, and garbed perfectly and all the girls are slender, pretty, and again dressed in the in style(p) fashion.Now that I have developed an inferiority complex, I try to take my eyes off the people and onto the merchandise.Browsing around I see the interminable stacks of perfectly folded pants covering every wall, and every sweater, button-down, t-shirt, and hooded sweatshirt meticulously placed into stacks of ten or twelve.

Personal Narrative- Infliction of Wrath Essay -- Personal Narrative, e

Swirling fog and dynamic light surround my silhouette, a warped halo of ominous colors accentuating the restrained passion of my abrupt, properly gestures. A demonic cackle resonates from my parted, sneering lips, a sense of power emanating from my very pores. I summon my strength for my greatest achievement, my moment of glory, the heroes of almsgiving having fallen before my wrath, as pleas for reconsideration bombard my deaf ears. The shaft of a yetton - water vapor and carbon are the last remnants of the blue and green orb that for so long careened around a furnace of burning hydrogen.So shall be my final moments as a supervillain, an unworthy and ominous figure against which hordes of mortals shall struggle and fall. My domination and destruction of the Earth shall be preceded by the acquiring of psychic superpowers, struggles with some benevolent archrival, and a brilliant battle for humanity in which I shall triumph.I have fought unrivaled battle at a time, and my lon gest thus far is force to a close. High school has marked a gradual but inevitable transformation from my idealis...

Online Social Networking and Politics Essay -- Facebook, Twitter, Pint

IntroductionThe internet is wizard of the most dynamic inventions in the history of mankind. It spreads knowledge and allows for rapid communicating amongst untold numbers of people on a scale antecedently unimaginable. It has revolutionized countless aspects of the novel world, ranging from its effects on business practices and the economy to creating unused forms of leisure activities and educational content. The multitude of ways the internet has affected the modern world is truly astonishing.Online sociable networking is a relatively recent phenomenon of the internet. Online social networks engender permeated their ways into millions of peoples lives. People create digital identities of themselves, updating and maintaining their online profiles, allowing users to much easily keep in touch with family, friends, and the world around them. Groups and micro-societies argon formed when users rally behind a common interest, activity, or goal. This user-managed method of organizin g people and information has quickly entrap its way into varying aspects of our culture. virtuoso important area in which the internet and online social networks have found their way is American politics, and they are changing it like it has never been changed before.Howard deanThe rise and fall of former Vermont governor Howard Dean in the 2004 presidential campaign marked the beginning of a new era in American politics. Dean was a game changer. He was the first nominee to utilize the power of the internet and online social networks for campaigning purposes, without which he would have not risen to (at one point) be considered a front-runner for the elected ticket. As his campaign manager Joe Trippi notes, the Dean campaign started out itty-bitty in both the num... ...Vargas, Jose Antonio. 20 November 2008. Obama Raised Half a gazillion Online. The Washington Post. sec. Politics http//voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/11/20/obama_raised_half_a_billion_on.htmlWalsh, Kenneth T. 17 January 2008. The meshing Cry That gagefired on Howard The Scream Dean. U.S. News & World Report http//www.us news program.com/articles/news/politics/2008/01/17/the-battle-cry-that-backfired.htmlWilgoren, Jodi and Jim Rutenberg. 1 February 2004. Missteps Pulled A Surging Dean Back to Earth. The New York Times sec. 1 p. 1. http//www.nytimes.com/2004/02/01/us/2004-campaign-former-governor-missteps-pulled-surging-dean-back-earth.html?pagewanted=1Willard, Terri. March 2009. amicable Networking and Governance for Sustainable Development. International Institute for Sustainable Development. http//www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/social_net_gov.pdf